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Anatomy Exam 4 > L37: Abdominal Cavity III > Flashcards

L37: Abdominal Cavity III Flashcards

1
Q

What is the potential space surrounding stomach and spleen?

A
  • Greater peritoneal sac
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2
Q

What is the space between the stomach and posterior body wall that provides mobility for the stomach?

A
  • Lesser peritoneal sac aka omental bursa
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3
Q

Opening between greater peritoneal sac and omental bursa (lesser peritoneal sac)?

A
  • Epiploic foramen
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4
Q

What are the connections/parts of the greater omentum (fatty apron)?

A
  1. ) gastrocolic ligament: stomach to transverse colon
  2. ) gastrolienal ligament: greater curvature of stomach to spleen
  3. ) gastrophrenic ligament: stomach to diaphragm
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5
Q

Two parts/connections of lesser omentum?

A
  • Hepatoduodenal ligament: liver to duodenum

- Hepatogastric ligament: liver to stomach

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6
Q

Peritoneal ligament that supports the ileum and jejunum?

A
  • Aka The mesentery, dorsal mesointestine
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7
Q

What is the peritoneal ligament that supports the cecum?

A
  • Dorsal mesocolon
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8
Q

What is the peritoneal ligament that supports the appendix?

A
  • Mesoappendix
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9
Q

What the transverse mesocolon?

A
  • Peritoneal ligament divides the abdominal cavity into supracolic and infracolic compartments
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10
Q

What is contained in the supracolic compartment of the abdominal cavity?

A
  • Stomach, liver and spleen
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11
Q

What is contained in the infracolic compartment of the abdominal cavity?

A
  • Small intestine, ascending and descending colon
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12
Q

What is the peritoneal ligament for the sigmoid colon?

A
  • Sigmoid mesocolon
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13
Q

What are the peritoneal ligaments for the spleen?

A
  1. ) Lienorenal ligament: left kidney to spleen

2. ) Gastroliental ligament: stomach to spleen

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14
Q

What are the peritoneal ligaments for the liver?

A
  • Coronary ligaments: bare area ligaments
  • Hepatorenal ligament: coronary ligament running bw peritoneum above right kidney and liver
  • Falciform ligament: remnant of ventral mesentery connecting liver to anterior body wall
  • Ligamentum teres (aka round ligament): part of falciform ligament that is remnant of fetal umbilical vein
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15
Q

What is the bare area of the liver?

A
  • Area on superior aspect of liver that never gets layer of visceral peritoneum
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16
Q

Layers of the digestive tract

A

(from outer to inner)

  1. ) Serosa
  2. ) Muscularis externa: outer longitudinal SM layer, inner circular SM layer
  3. ) Submucosa
  4. ) Mucosa (muscularis mucosae with SM, lamina propria which is loose CT, epithelium)
17
Q

Function of esophagus

A
  • movement of food to stomach via peristalsis (results from inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle movement)
18
Q

Function of stomach

A
  • mechanical breakdown of food via muscular churning, aided by stomach acid and pepsin
  • reservoir for food
  • propels chyme into duodenum
19
Q

Function of stomach rugae

A
  • Accommodates stretching of stomach
20
Q

What is the difference between a sliding and paraesophageal hiatal hernia?

A
  • sliding: mobile protrusion of stomach through esophageal hiatus
  • paraesophageal: permanent protrusion of stomach through esophageal hiatus
21
Q

Function of small intestine

A
  • absorption of nutrients, electrolytes and water
  • chemical digestion of chyme (in duodenum: acid neutralization, fats broken down via bile, pancreatic juices secreted into this area, intrinsic intestinal glands secrete products)
22
Q

Function of large intestine

A
  • absorb water and remaining salts
  • synthesis of some vitamins via commensal bacteria
  • rectum expands to hold feces until defecation
23
Q

Liver function

A
  • protein synthesis
  • bile production and secretion
  • CHO metabolism and storage of metabolites
  • detoxification
24
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A
  • Transverse fissure of liver where major vessels (portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct) pass through
25
Q

What is Glisson’s capsule?

A
  • Thin capsule of dense CT surrounding liver that is thickest at hilum
26
Q

4 lobes of liver – describe location

A
  • Right
  • Left
  • Caudate: posterior, central
  • Quadrate: anterior, central nearest to gallbladder
27
Q

Gallbladder innervation

A
  • Celiac plexus and some afferents from phrenic nerve
28
Q

Function of gallbladder

A
  • Storage, concentration and release of bile
29
Q

Function of pancreas

A

Function of pancreas

30
Q

Innervation of pancreas

A
  • Celiac plexus and superior mesenteric plexus
31
Q

Spleen function

A
  • where WBCs mature and proliferate
  • antibody secretion
  • destruction of senescent RBCs
  • recycling of chemicals from destroyed RBCs
  • reservoir for and rapid development of undifferentiated monocytes
32
Q

Innervation of spleen

A
  • Celiac plexus
33
Q

Describe biliary tree structure

A
  • Left and right hepatic ducts (from liver) unite to form…
  • Common hepatic duct
  • Cystic duct from gallbladder unites with common hepatic duct to form…
  • Common bile duct which unites with pancreatic duct to form…
  • Ampulla of Vater (hepatopancreatic ampulla/duct) that enters duodenum at the major duodenal papilla (surrounded by sphincter of Oddi)
  • FYI: minor duodenal papilla = opening of accessory pancreatic duct (Santorini) into duodenum

Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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