L3.1 Principles of Immunology

Question 1

What is a PAMP?

Answer 1

Pathogen associated molecular pattern - allows body to recognise pathogens/bacteria

Question 2

What is a PRR and what are the types?

Answer 2

• Pattern Recognition Receptors:

• TLR: always associated with a membrane and can have surface or endosomal TLRs, lead to production of pro inflammatory cytokines and interferon’s
• RLR: associated with mitochondria, accumulate on surface and aggregate and recognise cytosolic nucleases
• NLR: nod like receptors

Question 3

What is the complement system?

Answer 3

Complements the immune response

• Inflammation and chemotaxis via C3a (chemotaxis creates a chemical gradient leading neutrophils to infection site)
• Opsination via C3b (opsination is flagging bacteria to make them easier to find and digest)
• MAC (membrane attack cells) via C6-9

Question 4

What is chronic granulomatous disease?

Answer 4

Disease of ROS productive that affects neutrophils, kids get infections, defect in neutrophils, cannot kill pathogens, rely on macrophages and monocytes

Question 5

What is neutrophil extravasation?

Answer 5

Neutrophils move from capillaries to post capillary venule. Due to increased flow move towards edges and roll along (rolling adhesion) then tight bind to interns and move between epithelial cells via diapedesis and migrate to site of infection once in tissue