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Anatomy Block 3 > L30 Immune Histology > Flashcards

L30 Immune Histology Flashcards

1
Q

immune system

A

groups of cells and their secreted products, tissues, and organs that monitor the body surface and internal fluid spaces to provide defense against pathogens

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2
Q

what are two threats to the immune system

A

infections (neutralize harmful foreign invaders)

cancer (neutralize harmful foreign invaders)

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3
Q

nonspecific vs specific defenses

A

skin, mucous membranes, chemicals//phagocytosis, complement, interferon, inflammation, fever

vs

lymphocytes and antibodies

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4
Q

threat detection requires

A

host cells to distinguish self from nonself or infected self or transformed self

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5
Q

what surface molecules do host defense

A

PRR

MHC-I

MHC-II

TCCR

CD

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6
Q

PRR

A

pattern recognition on many host cells to detect antigens (TLRs)

DETECT ANTIGENS

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7
Q

MHC-I

A

display host-made peptides that can be surveilled by lymphocytes called CD8+ T cells (and NK cells) which
destroy host cells that show signs of being infected by a virus or are undergoing cancerous transformation

altered levels MHC-I = this host cell should die

CD8+ T cells
VIRUS/CANCEROUS TRANSFORMATION

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8
Q

MHC-II

A

used by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to display foreign peptides from phagocytized antigens to CD4+
T cells that leads to secretion of antibodies that target the antigen

ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS (APCS)
foreign peptides
CD4+ cells
secrete antibodies

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9
Q

plasma cells

A

antibodies

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10
Q

TCR

A

T cell receptors on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that bind to antigens on MHC protein complexes

CD4+ and CD8+ t CELLS

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11
Q

CD

A

co-receptors for the TCR that facilitates cell-cell communication

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12
Q

antigen=

A

activate immune response

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13
Q

immune response sequence of events

A

innate response
Ab-mediated (humoral) adoptive response
cell-mediated adoptive response

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14
Q

innate response

A

first step

  1. APCs recognize antigen via PRR
  2. Granulocytes respond (Neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, NK cells )
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15
Q

Ab(antibody)-mediated (humoral) adAptive response

A

second step

  1. APCs via MHC-II molecule
  2. CD4+ T cells (TCR, CD)
  3. B cells
  4. Plasma cells: antibodies

Memory: CD4+T CELLS, B cells AKA ADAPTIVE IMMUNITIY

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16
Q

blood used to be called

A

humoral

17
Q

Cell-mediated adaptive response

A

third step

  1. APCs (via MHC-I)
  2. CD8+T cells (TCR, CD): cytotoxins

Memory: CD8+ T cells

18
Q

non specific immunity

A
19
Q

specific immunity

A
20
Q

dendritic cell types

A

monocytes/macrophages
Langerhans cells
Basophil
Neutrophil
Eosinophil

21
Q

review:

A

monocytes/macrophages
Langerhans cells
Basophil
Neutrophil
Eosinophil

22
Q

Lymphocyte types

A

T cells
B cells
Plasma

23
Q
A
24
Q

high number of neutrophils

A

innate immune response

25
Q

7

A
26
Q

adaptive immune response takes place within ___ tissue within ___ structures

A

connective
lymphatic nodules (lymphatic follicles)

27
Q

components of lymphatic nodules

A

germinal center

mantle

28
Q

germinal center

A

site of B cell clonal expansion (proliferation) and differentiation into plasma cells.

in lymphatic nodules

29
Q

mantle

A

in lymphatic nodules

surrounding region that contains naïve B and T cells unchallenged by antigens, and memory cells

30
Q
A
31
Q

Numerous lymphatic nodules in a tissue suggests __

A

an adaptive immune response

32
Q

steps involved in lymphatic nodule function

A
  1. APCs like dendritic cells present antigens to naïve CD4+ T cells (and naïve CD8+ T cells).
  2. Activated CD4+ T cells induce B cell clonal expansion, forming a germinal center.
  3. Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) present antigens to B cells to test reactivity.
  4. ‘Tingible body macrophages’ phagocytose non-reactive apoptotic B cells.
  5. Reactive B cells differentiate into plasma cells and memory B cells.
33
Q
A
34
Q

lymphatic organs types

A

primary and secondary

35
Q

primary lymphatic organs

A

sites where B and T cells are formed and gain immunocompetence (also
called central tolerance; i.e., learn to be nonreactive to self-peptides).
- clonal deletion (apoptosis) of dysfunctional lymphocytes

  1. bone marrow
  2. thymus
36
Q

bone marrow

A

site of T & B cell formation; B cell central tolerance

37
Q

thymus

A

site of T cell central tolerance

38
Q

secondary lymphatic organs

A

sites where adaptive immune responses occur
- sites where peripheral tolerance further reduces the number of autoreactive cells
through clonal deletion to try to prevent autoimmune disease
- secondary organs have a reticular stroma that facilitates movement of immune cells
- contain numerous secondary lymphatic nodules during infection

Anatomy Block 3 (7 decks)

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