L30 Immune Histology

Question 1

immune system

Answer 1

groups of cells and their secreted products, tissues, and organs that monitor the body surface and internal fluid spaces to provide defense against pathogens

Question 2

what are two threats to the immune system

Answer 2

infections (neutralize harmful foreign invaders)

cancer (neutralize harmful foreign invaders)

Question 3

nonspecific vs specific defenses

Answer 3

skin, mucous membranes, chemicals//phagocytosis, complement, interferon, inflammation, fever

vs

lymphocytes and antibodies

Question 4

threat detection requires

Answer 4

host cells to distinguish self from nonself or infected self or transformed self

Question 5

what surface molecules do host defense

Answer 5

PRR

MHC-I

MHC-II

TCCR

CD

Question 6

PRR

Answer 6

pattern recognition on many host cells to detect antigens (TLRs)

DETECT ANTIGENS

Question 7

MHC-I

Answer 7

display host-made peptides that can be surveilled by lymphocytes called CD8+ T cells (and NK cells) which
destroy host cells that show signs of being infected by a virus or are undergoing cancerous transformation

altered levels MHC-I = this host cell should die

CD8+ T cells
VIRUS/CANCEROUS TRANSFORMATION

Question 8

MHC-II

Answer 8

used by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to display foreign peptides from phagocytized antigens to CD4+
T cells that leads to secretion of antibodies that target the antigen

ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS (APCS)
foreign peptides
CD4+ cells
secrete antibodies

Question 9

plasma cells

Answer 9

antibodies

Question 10

TCR

Answer 10

T cell receptors on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that bind to antigens on MHC protein complexes

CD4+ and CD8+ t CELLS

Question 11

CD

Answer 11

co-receptors for the TCR that facilitates cell-cell communication

Question 12

antigen=

Answer 12

activate immune response

Question 13

immune response sequence of events

Answer 13

innate response
Ab-mediated (humoral) adoptive response
cell-mediated adoptive response

Question 14

innate response

Answer 14

first step

1. APCs recognize antigen via PRR
2. Granulocytes respond (Neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, NK cells )

Question 15

Ab(antibody)-mediated (humoral) adAptive response

Answer 15

second step

1. APCs via MHC-II molecule
2. CD4+ T cells (TCR, CD)
3. B cells
4. Plasma cells: antibodies

Memory: CD4+T CELLS, B cells AKA ADAPTIVE IMMUNITIY

Question 16

blood used to be called

Answer 16

humoral

Question 17

Cell-mediated adaptive response

Answer 17

third step

1. APCs (via MHC-I)
2. CD8+T cells (TCR, CD): cytotoxins

Memory: CD8+ T cells

Question 18

non specific immunity

Answer 18

Question 19

specific immunity

Answer 19

Question 20

dendritic cell types

Answer 20

monocytes/macrophages
Langerhans cells
Basophil
Neutrophil
Eosinophil

Question 21

review:

Answer 21

monocytes/macrophages
Langerhans cells
Basophil
Neutrophil
Eosinophil

Question 22

Lymphocyte types

Answer 22

T cells
B cells
Plasma

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

high number of neutrophils

Answer 24

innate immune response

Question 25

7

Question 26

adaptive immune response takes place within ___ tissue within ___ structures

Answer 26

connective lymphatic nodules (lymphatic follicles)

Question 27

components of lymphatic nodules

Answer 27

germinal center mantle

Question 28

germinal center

Answer 28

site of B cell clonal expansion (proliferation) and differentiation into plasma cells. in lymphatic nodules

Question 29

mantle

Answer 29

in lymphatic nodules surrounding region that contains naïve B and T cells unchallenged by antigens, and memory cells

Question 30

Question 31

Numerous lymphatic nodules in a tissue suggests __

Answer 31

an adaptive immune response

Question 32

steps involved in lymphatic nodule function

Answer 32

1. APCs like dendritic cells present antigens to naïve CD4+ T cells (and naïve CD8+ T cells). 2. Activated CD4+ T cells induce B cell clonal expansion, forming a germinal center. 3. Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) present antigens to B cells to test reactivity. 4. ‘Tingible body macrophages’ phagocytose non-reactive apoptotic B cells. 5. Reactive B cells differentiate into plasma cells and memory B cells.

Question 34

lymphatic organs types

Answer 34

primary and secondary

Question 35

primary lymphatic organs

Answer 35

sites where B and T cells are formed and gain immunocompetence (also called central tolerance; i.e., learn to be nonreactive to self-peptides). - clonal deletion (apoptosis) of dysfunctional lymphocytes 1. bone marrow 2. thymus

Question 36

bone marrow

Answer 36

site of T & B cell formation; B cell central tolerance

Question 37

thymus

Answer 37

site of T cell central tolerance

Question 38

secondary lymphatic organs

Answer 38

sites where adaptive immune responses occur - sites where peripheral tolerance further reduces the number of autoreactive cells through clonal deletion to try to prevent autoimmune disease - secondary organs have a reticular stroma that facilitates movement of immune cells - contain numerous secondary lymphatic nodules during infection