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Anatomy Block 3 > L21 Thoracic Wall 1 > Flashcards

L21 Thoracic Wall 1 Flashcards

1
Q

thorax cavity contains

A

mediastinum and left and right pulmonary cavities

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2
Q

where is the superior thoracic aperture

A

T1, 1st ribs and manubrium

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3
Q

the superior thoracic aperture Transmits the ____

A

trachea, esophagus,
nerves (phrenic, vagus,
sympathetic trunk), major vessels

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4
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

neurovascular supply to upper extremity is compromised by
crowding of the superior aperture

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5
Q

what is the inferior thoracic aperture

A

aorta, esophagus, and inferior vena cava pass through abdominal diaphragm

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6
Q

function of the thoracic wall

A

protect viscera

framework for respiration

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7
Q

point out the thoracic vertebrae, sternum, ribs, and costal cartilages

A
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8
Q

jugular notch is where

A

indentation between clavicular heads just superior to the sternum

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9
Q

epigastric fossa is where

A

slight indentation over the inferior end of the sternum

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10
Q

subcostal (infrasternal) angle

A

angle formed by the inferior edge of the ribcage at the epigastric fossa

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11
Q

sternal angle

A

palpable change in slope of the sternum

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12
Q

midsternal line

A

anterior midline dernarcation

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13
Q

midclavicular line

A

line running parallel to the midsternal line but through the mid-point of the clavicle

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14
Q

axillary fossa

A

lateral body wall depression inferior to the shoulder joint

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15
Q

midaxillary line

A

through the middle of the axilla

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16
Q

anterior axillary line

A

along the lateral margin of pectoralis major

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17
Q

posterior axillary line

A

along the margin of latissius dorsi

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18
Q

lateral cutaneous branch emerges and innervates

A

emerges at midaxillary line and innervates most of dermatome

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19
Q

anterior cutaneous branch emerges and innervates

A

emerges lateral to sternum and innervates most medial part of dermatome

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20
Q

what landmark tells us T2

A

axilla

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21
Q

what landmark tells us T4 dermatome

A

nipple

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22
Q

what landmark tells us T10 dermatome

A

umbillicus

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23
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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24
Q

label spinous processes, transverse processes, costal facets, articular processes

A
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25
Q

spinous processes are ___ and ____ pointed

A

long

inferiorly

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26
Q

transverse processes are ___ and __

A

long
robust

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27
Q

costal facets are on the tip of ____

A

transverse processes T1-T10

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28
Q

articular processes articulate

A

in a coronal plane allowing rotation and flexion/extension

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29
Q

thoracic vertebral movements are limited by

A

articular processes articulating in a coronal plane

ribs

long spinous processes

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30
Q

label rib head, rib tubercle, rib angle, and costal groove

A
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31
Q

rib head

A

Posterior end of rib for articulation with
vertebrae has superior and inferior articular
facets

Head of rib 1 only articulates with T1
vertebral body and has a single facet

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32
Q

rib tubercle

A

Articular bump short distance from the
head

33
Q

rib angle

A

Small flange indicating where most prominent curvature begins

34
Q

costal groove

A

Small groove along most of the course of
the of the inferior-medial margin

35
Q

rib heads ______ articulate with costal facets on vertebral body of the _____ number and the body of the ______ superior vertebra

A

2-10

same

next

36
Q

rib tubercles _____ articulate with costal facets on the _____

A

1-10

transverse processes

37
Q

manubrium, body, xiphoid process, xiphisternal joint, sternal angle, LABEL

A
38
Q

manubrium

A

Articulates with clavicle and first two costal cartilages

Jugular notch between facets for articulation with the clavicle

39
Q

body of the sternum

A

Articulates with manubrium at sternal angle

Articulates with 2nd – 7th costal cartilages

40
Q

xiphoid process

A

Articulates with sternal body at xiphisternal joint

Articulates with 7th costal cartilage

41
Q

true rib, false rib, floating rib, jugular notch, sternal angle, xiphisternal joint, costal margin LABEL

A
42
Q

true rib

A

1-7

vertebrosternal

costal cartilages attach to the sternum directly

43
Q

false rib

A

8-10

vertebrocostal

costal cartilages attach to next superior cartilage

44
Q

floating rib

A

11-12

free

costal cartilages do not articulate with anything else

45
Q

jugular notch is at _____ vertebral level

A

t2

46
Q

sternal angle is at _____ disc level. also called the

A

T4-T5

transverse thoracic plane

47
Q

xiphisternal joint is at the ___ vertebral level

A

T9

48
Q

costal margin

A

bottom of ribcage

incluses sternal angle at apex

49
Q

mesoderm develops into ____ regions, ________

A

3

paraxial

lateral plate

intermediate

50
Q

paraxial mesoderm

A

thickening around the notochord and under the neural folds

becomes somites

51
Q

lateral plate mesoderm

A

intercellular cavities develop in the mesoderm adjacent to the extraembryonic mesoderm

52
Q

intermediate mesoderm

A

“renal stuff”

53
Q

The intercellular cavities in the lateral plate coalesce to form the

A

intraembryonic coelom
(primitive body cavity)

54
Q

lateral plate mesoderm forms ___ layers:

A

2

parietal layer

visceral layer

55
Q

parietal layer

A

in the lateral plate mesoderm

on top

In combination with the overlying ectoderm the parietal layer makes the
somatopleure (functional part of parietal layer)

56
Q

visceral layer

A

In combination with the underlying endoderm the visceral layer makes the
splanchnopleure (functional part of visceral layer)

57
Q

____ grow and causes lateral folding of the ___ disc

A

somites

trilaminar

58
Q

folding of lateral plate mesoderm: splanchnopleure forms the _____ but remains connected to body wall via ___

A

gut tube

mesentery

59
Q

folding of lateral plate mesoderm:
Somatopleure drawn __ to form the____

A

ventrally

anterolateral body wall and limbs (except connecting stalk

60
Q

the outermost layer of the trilaminar disk comes from __

A

ectoderm

61
Q

_____ migrate ___ to contribute to the vertebrae

A

dorsal, ventral, and central sclerotome

medially

62
Q

what embryological area becomes the proximal rib that articulates with the vertebrae

A

central sclerotome

63
Q

what embryological area becomes distal, muscle supporting bony rib

A

lateral sclerotome

64
Q

where does the lateral sclerotome migrate

A

into parietal lateral plate to form costal cartilages

65
Q

what does the sternum develop from

A

parietal lateral plate along ventral midline

66
Q

Congenital conditions impacting the thoracic wall are frequently failures _____

A

of the fusion between sternum and ribs

67
Q

the Primitive body cavity (intraembryonic coelom) is the _____. it passes around ___ and is initially confluent with _______

A

space between
the parietal and visceral layers of lateral plate mesoderm

68
Q

___ adult bodies derive from different regions of the primitive body cavity

A

4

pericaridal cavity

peritoneal cavity

pleural cavities (right and left)

69
Q

pericaridal cavity

A

cranial

70
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

caudal

71
Q

pleural cavities

A

right and left

in between the pericardioperitoneal canals

72
Q

Closure of body wall due to folding separates_______

The lateral plate mesoderm (including the mesentery) forms _____ and
will form ____

Gut tube is surrounded by _____ but is not within the actual space of the body cavity

A

primitive body cavity from the extraembryonic cavity

a complete inner surface to the body cavity

the serous lining of the body cavities

the primitive body cavity

73
Q

gut tube becomes

A

digestive track, lungs

74
Q

___ growth of the cranial and caudal ends of the neural plate and flexures of the neural tube cause ____

The developing pericardial cavity is carried from a ___ position to a
position_____ to the _____

A

Longitudinal

the trilaminar disc to undergo craniocaudal folding

cranial

caudal

developing head
and brain

75
Q

The _____ become divided as growth of the lungs drives
shape changes in the thoracic walls.

_____ membranes grow from ____ towards the ___

A

pericardial cavity and pleuroperitoneal canals

Pleuropericardial

lateral walls

root of the developing lungs

76
Q

____ of the pleuropericardial membranes fully isolates the _____

Remains of _____ membranes become the ____

A

Fusion

pericardial and pleural cavities

pleuropericardial

fibrous layer of the pericardium around the
heart

77
Q

during craniocaudal folding some ____ forms the ____

______ between the pericardial and peritoneal cavities

Origin of the _____

A

visceral lateral plate mesoderm

septum transversum

Robust wall

central tendon of the abdominal diaphragm

78
Q

____ membranes form to
surround the ____ and
close off the communication between ____

Scaffold for ___ from ____ to
form the muscular portions of the ___

A

Pleuroperitoneal

septum transversum

each
pleural cavity and the peritoneal cavity

myoblasts

C3 – C5

abdominal diaphragm

Anatomy Block 3 (7 decks)

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