L21 Thoracic Wall 1 Flashcards
thorax cavity contains
mediastinum and left and right pulmonary cavities
where is the superior thoracic aperture
T1, 1st ribs and manubrium
the superior thoracic aperture Transmits the ____
trachea, esophagus,
nerves (phrenic, vagus,
sympathetic trunk), major vessels
Thoracic outlet syndrome
neurovascular supply to upper extremity is compromised by
crowding of the superior aperture
what is the inferior thoracic aperture
aorta, esophagus, and inferior vena cava pass through abdominal diaphragm
function of the thoracic wall
protect viscera
framework for respiration
point out the thoracic vertebrae, sternum, ribs, and costal cartilages
jugular notch is where
indentation between clavicular heads just superior to the sternum
epigastric fossa is where
slight indentation over the inferior end of the sternum
subcostal (infrasternal) angle
angle formed by the inferior edge of the ribcage at the epigastric fossa
sternal angle
palpable change in slope of the sternum
midsternal line
anterior midline dernarcation
midclavicular line
line running parallel to the midsternal line but through the mid-point of the clavicle
axillary fossa
lateral body wall depression inferior to the shoulder joint
midaxillary line
through the middle of the axilla
anterior axillary line
along the lateral margin of pectoralis major
posterior axillary line
along the margin of latissius dorsi
lateral cutaneous branch emerges and innervates
emerges at midaxillary line and innervates most of dermatome
anterior cutaneous branch emerges and innervates
emerges lateral to sternum and innervates most medial part of dermatome
what landmark tells us T2
axilla
what landmark tells us T4 dermatome
nipple
what landmark tells us T10 dermatome
umbillicus
how many thoracic vertebrae
12
label spinous processes, transverse processes, costal facets, articular processes
spinous processes are ___ and ____ pointed
long
inferiorly
transverse processes are ___ and __
long
robust
costal facets are on the tip of ____
transverse processes T1-T10
articular processes articulate
in a coronal plane allowing rotation and flexion/extension
thoracic vertebral movements are limited by
articular processes articulating in a coronal plane
ribs
long spinous processes
label rib head, rib tubercle, rib angle, and costal groove
rib head
Posterior end of rib for articulation with
vertebrae has superior and inferior articular
facets
Head of rib 1 only articulates with T1
vertebral body and has a single facet
rib tubercle
Articular bump short distance from the
head
rib angle
Small flange indicating where most prominent curvature begins
costal groove
Small groove along most of the course of
the of the inferior-medial margin
rib heads ______ articulate with costal facets on vertebral body of the _____ number and the body of the ______ superior vertebra
2-10
same
next
rib tubercles _____ articulate with costal facets on the _____
1-10
transverse processes
manubrium, body, xiphoid process, xiphisternal joint, sternal angle, LABEL
manubrium
Articulates with clavicle and first two costal cartilages
Jugular notch between facets for articulation with the clavicle
body of the sternum
Articulates with manubrium at sternal angle
Articulates with 2nd – 7th costal cartilages
xiphoid process
Articulates with sternal body at xiphisternal joint
Articulates with 7th costal cartilage
true rib, false rib, floating rib, jugular notch, sternal angle, xiphisternal joint, costal margin LABEL
true rib
1-7
vertebrosternal
costal cartilages attach to the sternum directly
false rib
8-10
vertebrocostal
costal cartilages attach to next superior cartilage
floating rib
11-12
free
costal cartilages do not articulate with anything else
jugular notch is at _____ vertebral level
t2
sternal angle is at _____ disc level. also called the
T4-T5
transverse thoracic plane
xiphisternal joint is at the ___ vertebral level
T9
costal margin
bottom of ribcage
incluses sternal angle at apex
mesoderm develops into ____ regions, ________
3
paraxial
lateral plate
intermediate
paraxial mesoderm
thickening around the notochord and under the neural folds
becomes somites
lateral plate mesoderm
intercellular cavities develop in the mesoderm adjacent to the extraembryonic mesoderm
intermediate mesoderm
“renal stuff”
The intercellular cavities in the lateral plate coalesce to form the
intraembryonic coelom
(primitive body cavity)
lateral plate mesoderm forms ___ layers:
2
parietal layer
visceral layer
parietal layer
in the lateral plate mesoderm
on top
In combination with the overlying ectoderm the parietal layer makes the
somatopleure (functional part of parietal layer)
visceral layer
In combination with the underlying endoderm the visceral layer makes the
splanchnopleure (functional part of visceral layer)
____ grow and causes lateral folding of the ___ disc
somites
trilaminar
folding of lateral plate mesoderm: splanchnopleure forms the _____ but remains connected to body wall via ___
gut tube
mesentery
folding of lateral plate mesoderm:
Somatopleure drawn __ to form the____
ventrally
anterolateral body wall and limbs (except connecting stalk
the outermost layer of the trilaminar disk comes from __
ectoderm
_____ migrate ___ to contribute to the vertebrae
dorsal, ventral, and central sclerotome
medially
what embryological area becomes the proximal rib that articulates with the vertebrae
central sclerotome
what embryological area becomes distal, muscle supporting bony rib
lateral sclerotome
where does the lateral sclerotome migrate
into parietal lateral plate to form costal cartilages
what does the sternum develop from
parietal lateral plate along ventral midline
Congenital conditions impacting the thoracic wall are frequently failures _____
of the fusion between sternum and ribs
the Primitive body cavity (intraembryonic coelom) is the _____. it passes around ___ and is initially confluent with _______
space between
the parietal and visceral layers of lateral plate mesoderm
___ adult bodies derive from different regions of the primitive body cavity
4
pericaridal cavity
peritoneal cavity
pleural cavities (right and left)
pericaridal cavity
cranial
peritoneal cavity
caudal
pleural cavities
right and left
in between the pericardioperitoneal canals
Closure of body wall due to folding separates_______
The lateral plate mesoderm (including the mesentery) forms _____ and
will form ____
Gut tube is surrounded by _____ but is not within the actual space of the body cavity
primitive body cavity from the extraembryonic cavity
a complete inner surface to the body cavity
the serous lining of the body cavities
the primitive body cavity
gut tube becomes
digestive track, lungs
___ growth of the cranial and caudal ends of the neural plate and flexures of the neural tube cause ____
The developing pericardial cavity is carried from a ___ position to a
position_____ to the _____
Longitudinal
the trilaminar disc to undergo craniocaudal folding
cranial
caudal
developing head
and brain
The _____ become divided as growth of the lungs drives
shape changes in the thoracic walls.
_____ membranes grow from ____ towards the ___
pericardial cavity and pleuroperitoneal canals
Pleuropericardial
lateral walls
root of the developing lungs
____ of the pleuropericardial membranes fully isolates the _____
Remains of _____ membranes become the ____
Fusion
pericardial and pleural cavities
pleuropericardial
fibrous layer of the pericardium around the
heart
during craniocaudal folding some ____ forms the ____
______ between the pericardial and peritoneal cavities
Origin of the _____
visceral lateral plate mesoderm
septum transversum
Robust wall
central tendon of the abdominal diaphragm
____ membranes form to
surround the ____ and
close off the communication between ____
Scaffold for ___ from ____ to
form the muscular portions of the ___
Pleuroperitoneal
septum transversum
each
pleural cavity and the peritoneal cavity
myoblasts
C3 – C5
abdominal diaphragm
