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Biochemistry > L30 Fat Metabolism > Flashcards

L30 Fat Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Fat is stored in…

A

White adipose tissue

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2
Q

Fat is stored as…

A

Triglycerides

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3
Q

Fat cells are known as…

A

Adipocytes

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4
Q

Adipocytes contain an expandable…

A

Fat reservoir

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5
Q

Other than energy storage, fats are also used in the body as (3)…

A

Thermal insulation
Electrical insulation
Cell structural support

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6
Q

Cholesterol…

a) cannot be recycled by the liver, must be metabolised by the body
b) cannot be metabolised or recycled
c) cannot be metabolised by the body, except the kidney
d) cannot be metabolised by the body, must be recycled by the liver

A

d) cannot be metabolised by the body, must be recycled by the liver

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7
Q

Fat is a very efficient energy source. A 70kg person has on average enough fat to supply energy for…

A

2 months

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8
Q

Most naturally occurring triglycerides are…

A

Cis (with H on the same side of C=C double bond)

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9
Q

Saturated triglycerides shape

A

Linear

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10
Q

Unsaturated fats shape

A

Kinked

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11
Q

Fat metabolism has 3 stages…

A
  1. Lipolysis
  2. Activation of fatty acids
  3. Oxidation of fatty acids
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12
Q

Step 1 of fat metabolism, lipolysis, is mediated by…

A

Hormones

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13
Q

Lipolysis occurs under conditions of..,.

A

Starvation, stress or exercise

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14
Q

Lipase breaks which bonds in triglycerides?

A

Ester bonds

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15
Q

Lipase catalyses the conversion of triglycerides into…

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

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16
Q

Glycerol from lipolysis moves to the…

A

Liver

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17
Q

Glycerol is processed in the liver and converted to G-3-P, which can be used in…

A

Gluconeogenesis or citric acid cycle (if converted to pyruvate)

18
Q

In fatty acid activation, fatty acids from lipolysis enter the…

A

Cytoplasm

19
Q

Step 2 of fat metabolism is…

A

Fatty acid activation

20
Q

Fatty acid is activated by addition of…

A

CoA

Forming Acyl CoA

21
Q

Energy for fatty acid activation comes from…

A

Hydrolysis of ATP to AMP + PPi

22
Q

The acyl group is needed inside the mitochondria, however acyl CoA cannot cross the membrane, thus it is added to…

A

Carnitine, forming acyl carnitine

23
Q

Step 3 of fat metabolism is…

A

Beta oxidation

Hydrogen is removed from the beta carbon

24
Q

Beta oxidation occurs over 4 steps…

A
  1. Oxidation I (FAD)
  2. Hydration
  3. Oxidation II (NAD+)
  4. Cleavage (acylation)
25
Q

Products of beta oxidation are…

A

8 acetyl CoA
7 FADH2
7 NADH and H+

26
Q

High energy yield compared to glucose. For example C16 (Palmitic acid) yields …

A

108 ATP

versus 32 for glucose

27
Q

In the absence of glucose, glycolysis is…

A

Switched off

28
Q

In the absence of glucose, citric acid cycle intermediates…

A

Enter gluconeogenesis to maintain blood glucose homeostasis

29
Q

In ketone metabolism, acetyl CoA is converted to…

A

Ketone bodies in the liver

30
Q

Lipogenesis occurs during…

A

High energy conditions

Lots of glucose, high acetyl CoA, high citrate

31
Q

The lipogenesis pathway is increased by (2)…

A

High citrate and insulin

32
Q

Lipogenesis pathway is decreased by (4)…

A

High AMP, glucagon, Adrenalin or palmitoyl

33
Q

The decrease in lipogenesis caused by high palmitoyl is an example of…

A

Negative feedback

34
Q

Glycerol is recycled in the liver to produce…

A

Glucose (gluconeogenesis)

35
Q

Energy is released from fatty acids by…

A

Beta oxidation

36
Q

Beta oxidation can be summarised as (4)…

A

Oxidation, hydration, oxidation, cleavage

37
Q

Lipogenesis is the opposite of…

A

Lipolysis

38
Q

They key enzyme controlling fatty acid synthesis is…

A

Acetyl CoA carboxylase

39
Q

Insulin is a major regulator of lipogenesis in…

A

Type 2 diabetes

40
Q

Ketone bodies are generated from fatty acid metabolism under which 2 conditions?

A

Prolonged starvation (or lack of glucose)

Type 1 diabetes

41
Q

In type 1 diabetes, excessive ketone bodies in the blood can decrease pH dangerously resulting in…

A

Ketoacidosis

Biochemistry (21 decks)

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