L3 - The Self Flashcards

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1
Q

What is our self-schema?

A
  • Largest, most elaborated schema
  • Past experience of ourselves
  • Knowledge that is memorised and retrieved
  • Predicts & explains behaviours across contexts through identity theory
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2
Q

What is self-schema described as?

A
  • If self-understanding as independent/dependent
  • Processed as system 1
  • Faster trait relevant judgements
  • Relevant behaviour generation
  • Engage in knowledge defence
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3
Q

Where does identity formation stem from?

A
  • Erikson identified the difference between biological maturity and societal maturity
  • Only have an identity when it is threatened
  • System 1 to system 2
  • Continuous over a lifetime - always achieving a sense of identity
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4
Q

What are the 8 stages of development for identity formation?

A
  • Each characterised by crisis
  • Begins with sense of ego separate from others (e.g primary caregivers)
  • Identity vs role confusion - fixes itself either mal/adaptively
  • We experiment with different lifestyles
  • Resolved by fidelity - have to commit
  • Commitment to roles and others
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5
Q

What is identity persistence?

A
  • Diachronic self-unity over time
  • We are beings in time who change perpetually and must also remain the same moral responsibility and commitment to the future
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6
Q

What was the identity persistence study?

A
  • Induce a mini-crisis
  • Describe self in past, now and if they are the same person
  • How do we rationalise?
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7
Q

What is essentialism in identity persistence?

A
  • Something that does not change e.g DNA, spirit, soul etc
  • Change is an illusion
  • Core vs peripheral: important things do not change
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8
Q

What is narrativity in identity development?

A
  • Self is the centre of narrative gravity
  • Internalised and evolving life story
  • Reconstructed past = imagined future
  • Unity = what are enduring aspects
  • Purpose - what is my purpose, we like progress narrative
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9
Q

What are the types of development in identity persistence?

A
  • Episodic accounts: childhood with series of links with past and present with no purpose/progress
  • Frankly narrative: adolescence and self-discovery and takes influential forces into account
  • Essentialist: revisionist accounts: early adulthood where core essence is provisional
  • Narrativist: interpretive accounts in early adulthood where enduring story is revisable through personality
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10
Q

What is identity unity?

A
  • Situationism
  • Identifying enduring aspects of self-knowledge in the face of different situations
  • Essentialist: aspects of stable self-knowledge to account for situational behaviours
  • Narrativist: changing behaviours are predictable
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11
Q

What are the intentions of identity unity?

A
  • Changing behaviours are easy but changing intentions are hard - a pure villain/hero is boring
  • Accounts change over time through development
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12
Q

Synchronic self-unity test:

A
  • Create ice breaker comic book edited jekell and hyde
  • Used structured interview with students and ask people to describe yourself behaving a good/bad person and then to describe someone you know like a good/bad person
  • 3 self-unity categories: with self and others = having fast answer
  • 2 interacting dimensions: no.of intentions and being active/reactive

What are the degrees of self unity?
- No self unity
- Multiplicitious Self: many impulses & reactive
- Hierarchical self: many impulses and volitions & reactive and active
- Singular self: one volition & active

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13
Q

What were the results?

A
  • No relation between age and category they chose for other people
  • Older they were = more likely to show reactive, multiplicious as they get older ONLY for themselves
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14
Q

How did they adapt the study from the results?

A
  • Coded internal/external attributions for good/bad intentions
  • Overwhelmingly take credit for good intentions
  • Gradually avoid responsibilities for bad behaviours
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15
Q

What is Seldentity Unity?

A
  • Good behaviour: no relationship between internal/external and self unity category
  • Bad behaviour: singular owns it and Multiplicitous disowns it
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16
Q

What is Construal Shifting?

A
  • How do we avoid long term losses due to short term temptation?
  • We alter how we interpret the situation
  • High level construal: abstract, global and essential
  • Low level construal: immediate, salient and concrete
  • Shift from low to high in the face of temptation or immediate failure
17
Q

How do we shift construally?

A
  • Avoiding temptations vs controlling self
  • Beeper studies of self control
  • 34.6% of these desires were rated as somewhat to highly conflicting with important goals
  • Variable success and temptations are automatic
  • Resistance if effortful and reinterpretation to avoid or reduce temptations
18
Q

Study of construal shifting?

A
  • Daily diary
  • State self control: effort to resist temptation that impedes long term goals
  • Is tiring and largely unsuccessful
  • Trait self- control; avoiding sources of temptation at the outset
  • Strongly linked to goal attainment
19
Q

What is regulatory focus?

A
  • Emotions and affect comes second
  • When people have dispositions people have, people pursue success not happiness
  • These are motivational biases called regulatory focus
  • Pre-affective strategic inclinations and affect follows from motivational state
  • Promotion: approaching desired ends
  • Prevention: avoiding undesired ends
20
Q

What is the promotion focus?

A
  • Presence/absence of positive outcomes
  • Ideals are aspirations or accomplishments
  • Oughts - responsibility and safety
21
Q

What is a malleable state?

A
  • Can be self-induce
  • Power to choose how we interpret a situation
22
Q

What social consequences do power and powerlessness have?

A
  • Approach rewards when you have power
  • Inhibition Threats when you feel powerless
  • Either have an annoying fan in a room or you play blackjack
  • If in Pro-Power = you will hit on 16 or move fan out of face
  • Makes you more ego-centric