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ghala > L3 Routes of drug administration L 4 Dosage forms of drugs > Flashcards

L3 Routes of drug administration L 4 Dosage forms of drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Oral route
Dosage forms of drugs

A
  1. Liquid dosage forms
  2. Solid dosage forms:
    (Absorption first requires:
    dissolution of the tablet or capsule,
    thus liberating the drug).
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2
Q

Routes of drug administration

A

ORAL
SUBLINGUAL
PARENTERAL
RECTAL
TOPICAL
INHALATIONAL

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3
Q

Preparations for oral administration are:

A

Solids
Tablets
Powder
Liquids
Capsules

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4
Q

Drug is protected from gastric acid, by a coat

A

Enteric-coated preparations

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5
Q

It dissolves only in the intestine and releases the drug in the alkaline media.

A

Enteric-coated preparations

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6
Q

Have special ingredients that control the drug release

A

Extended-release preparations

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7
Q

Allowing for slower absorption and a prolonged duration of action.

A

Extended-release preparations

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8
Q

Allowing for slower absorption and a prolonged duration of action.

A

Extended-release preparations

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9
Q

Advantages
1. Dosed less frequently
2. Improve patient compliance.

A

Extended-release preparations

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10
Q

Used for drugs that:
1. Acid unstable.
2. Irritating to the stomach

A

Enteric-coated preparations

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11
Q

what are the ADVANTAGES of Oral Route?

A
  1. Highly acceptable & easy to use.
  2. Cheap- Portable.
  3. Suitable for drugs given
    for long-term.
  4. Can prolong duration of
    action by SR tablets.
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12
Q

what are the DISADVANTAGES of Oral Route?

A
  1. Unsuitable in emergency.
  2. Inactivation of some drugs
    by gastric juice. (insulin)
  3. Some drugs not absorbed
    from GIT.
  4. Some drugs are irritant .
  5. Food affect drug
    absorption. (tea-iron)
  6. Position of patient &
    amount of water taken by patient.
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13
Q

Mucosal surface area of the small intestine is uniquely adapted for absorption,

A

Site of absorption of drugs after oral administration
Small intestine
(the bulk of drug absorption)

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14
Q

Acidic pH of the stomach favor the gastric absorption of acidic drugs (aspirin)

A

Site of absorption of drugs after oral administration
Stomach

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15
Q

what are the Absorption of different oral dosage forms ?

A
  1. Solutions, has relatively rapid absorption .
  2. Solid (capsules or tablets). must first disintegrate,
    dissolve before absorption
  3. Enteric-coated preparations released only in the intestine.
  4. Sustained-release preparations (release a steady amount of drug slowly and over long duration)
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16
Q

Drug inactivation before they reach systemic circulation, By:

A
  1. Gastric acid
  2. Digestive enzymes
  3. Enteric bacterial enzymes
  4. Intestinal contents.
  5. Liver
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17
Q

what is Sublingual Route?

A

• Placement under the tongue
• Allows a drug to diffuse into the capillary
network and enter the systemic circulation
directly.

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18
Q

what are the ADVANTAGES of Sublingual Route?

A
  1. Rapid effect with small doses.
  2. Nofirstpass metabolism in liver.
  3. Noinactivationin GIT.
  4. Canterminate effect by spitting out the tablet.
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19
Q

what are the DISADVANTAGES of Sublingual Route?

A
  1. Irritant to buccal mucosa.
  2. Suitableinsmall number of drugs.
20
Q

what is Rectal Route?

A

Drugs may be given rectally for: 1. local effects (to treat proctitis)
2. or for systemic effect

21
Q

what is the ADVANTAGES of Rectal Route?

A
  1. Avoid gastric acidity and digestive enzymes
  2. partly bypass The portal circulation
    ( no first pass metabolism)
  3. For patients unable to swallow or who are vomiting.
22
Q

what is the DISADVANTAGES of Rectal Route?

A
  1. Rectal absorption is often erratic and incomplete.
  2. Some drugs can be irritant to the rectal mucosa.
23
Q

what is Inhalation Route ?

A

Provide rapid delivery of a drug across large surface area of the mucous membranes of respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium.

A. Oral inhalation
B. Nasal inhalation

24
Q

what is the ADVANTAGES of Inhalation Route ?

A

Rapid, convenient, Safe

25
Q

Preparations For The Parenteral Route is:

A

Vial
ampoule
IV infusion
IV Cannula Size and color

26
Q

Parenteral Route is:

A

I.V injection
I.M Injection
SC Injection
intradermal
Intra-articular
intrathecal
Intra- arterial
intracardiac

27
Q

Characteretics of injectable solution:
Solution should be:

A
  1. Sterile (No mirco-organisms).
  2. Same PH and osmotic pressure as body fluids.
28
Q

The parenteral route introduces drugs directly into the systemic circulation

A

Principles of drug administration

29
Q

The three major parenteral routes

A
  1. intravascular (intravenous or intra-arterial)
  2. intramuscular,
  3. subcutaneous
30
Q

• Uses of parenteral administration:

A

• used for drugs that are poorly absorbed from the GI tract (for example, heparin (SC))
• used for drugs that are unstable in the GI tract (for example, insulin(SC)).
• Used if a patient is unable to take oral medications

31
Q

Suitable for agents that can be given in small volumes (≤2 mL) and are not locally damaging.

A

Subcutaneous route

32
Q

warming the tissue, Massage of the injection site, promotes drug uptake by improving local circulation

A

Subcutaneous route

33
Q

for drugs that cannot be given orally (slow absorption, drug inactivation,)

A

Intramuscular route

34
Q

types of Intramuscular route:

A
  1. Aqueous solutions, (absorbed rapidly)
  2. Depot preparations, (absorbed slowly).
35
Q

Disadvantages of IM ROUTE:

A
  1. Pain, Sterile abscesses, Haematoma
  2. Sciatic nerve palsy
  3. No way of stopping absorption
36
Q

Intravenous route ADVANTAGES OF IV Route:

A
  1. For drugs not absorbed orally
  2. Rapid effect
  3. Control the amount of drug delivered.
  4. For solutions too irritating for other routes
37
Q

DISADVANTAGES of IV Route:

A
  1. Toxic reactions can be immediate, severe.
  2. Given drug cannot be recalled (by activated charcoal)
  3. Vasculitis, hematoma , hemolysis, Infection, embolism formation
  4. Accidental intra-arterial injection may led to arterio-spasm, gangrene, and loss of limbs.
38
Q

If administered to quickly Nonspecific but potentially disastrous ……………. ………………. ………….. may result, even from the rapid injection of simple salt solutions.

A

cardiopulmonary side effects

39
Q

Slow absorption can be achieved by the use of depot forms as for …………………….. …………………….. ………………………

A

intramuscular injections and subcutaneous injections.

40
Q

• But IV injection …….. ………….. effects

A

rapid immediate

41
Q

Drugs applied to skin or mucous membrane for local effects

A

Topical Application

42
Q

Topical drugs through

A

EYE, EAR, NOSE & VAGINA

43
Q

• Dosage forms of oral preparations

A
  1. Liquid dosage forms: syrup – suspension-emulsion
  2. Solid dosage forms: Powder- Capsules- tablets –Sustained release tablets/capsules –Enteric coated tablets/capsules
44
Q

Dosage forms of parenteral preparations

A

Vials- ampules

45
Q

• Dosage forms of topical preparations

A

Ointment – creams- gel- transdermal patch- eye drops – ear drops- nasal drops

46
Q

Ointment – creams- gel- transdermal patch- eye drops – ear drops- nasal drops

A

Enemas – suppositories –cream

ghala (8 decks)

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