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Anatomy > L3 “pharynx & Esophagus” > Flashcards

L3 “pharynx & Esophagus” Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Pharynx

A

musculomembranous
tube, lies behind the nose, mouth
and larynx

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2
Q

Pharynx extent from ➡️ to

A

extends from the base of the skull to the 6th cervical vertebra “lower part of cricoid cartilage “

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3
Q

Pharynx continues as

A

oesophagus

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4
Q

Length of The Pharynx

A

12 - 14 cm

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5
Q

Name the 3 cavities of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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6
Q

How can the pharynx communicate freely with 3 cavities

A

Because its anterior wall is mostly absent

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7
Q

Extent of The Nasopharynx

A

from the base of the skull to the level of the soft palate

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8
Q

Special features of nasopharynx

A

1nasopharyngeal tonsil which located in nasopharynx “junction of its roof and the posterior wall”
2- pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube

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9
Q

Another name of nasopharyngeal tonsils

A

(adenoids ) it’s may obstruct the nasopharynx in children younger than 6 year cause difficult nasal breathing

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10
Q

Name the Opening of lateral wall of the nasopharynx

A

Pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube ( eustachian tube )

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11
Q

Location of the pharyngeal opening of auditory

A

1 cm behind the inferior concha

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12
Q

The pharyngeal opening is bounded above and behind by

A

tubal elevation which produced by the cartilage of the auditory tube

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13
Q

Function pharyngeal opening of auditory

A

pressure regulation of the middle ear

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14
Q

Around the opening of Pharyngeal there is collection of lymphoid tissue called

A

tubal tonsil

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15
Q

lower part of the tubal elevation continuous as

A

salpingopharyngeal fold

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16
Q

Behind the tubal elevation there is recess called

A

pharyngeal recess of Rosenmuller

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17
Q

Extension of The Oropharynx

A

extends from the level of soft palate to the level of the upper of the epiglottis.

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18
Q

Special Features of Oropharynx

A

( palatine tonsil ) which located in sinus tonsillar (tonsillar bed) (tonsillar fossa) in the lateral wall between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches.

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19
Q

Anterior arches to palatine tonsils

A

palatoglossal arches

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20
Q

Posterior arches to palatine tonsils

A

palatopharyngeal arches

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21
Q

Lateral surface of palatine tonsil covered by

A

( fibrous capsule ) contain external palatine vein “paratonsil vein” which is descending from soft palate

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22
Q

Lateral to (Palatine tonsil)

A
  1. Styloglossus muscle
  2. Facial artery
  3. Internal carotid artery
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23
Q

Superior constrictor muscle and palatin tonsil are separated by

A

External palatine vein “paratonsillar vain”

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24
Q

Muscles lateral to palatine tonsil

A

Superior constrictor muscle
Styloglossus muscle

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25
Arteries lateral to palatine tonsil
Internal carotid artery Facial artery
26
Blood supply of palatine tonsil
Tonsillar branch of facial artery
27
Venous drainage of palatine tonsil
External palatine vein
28
Lymph drainage of palatine tonsil
Upper deep cervical lymph nodes
29
Lateral vein to palatine tonsil
Paratonsillar vein “external palatine vein ”
30
Laryngopharynx extent from ➡️ to
extends from epiglottis to lower border of cricoid cartilage
31
Anteroinferiorly Communication of Laryngopharynx with the larynx by :
laryngeal inlet
32
Inferiorly Communications with the Laryngopharynx
continuous as oesophagus
33
muscle coat of the pharynx consists of
1. Outer layer 2. Inner layer
34
Outer layer formed of 3 constrictors
superior, middle, inferior (constrictor)
35
Inner layer formed of 3 longitudinal muscles
1.Stylopharyngeus 2.Salpingopharyngeus 3.Palatopharyngeus
36
The 3 constrictors inserted posteriorly into
pharyngeal raphe
37
What’s the pharyngeal raphe
Raphe extend from the pharyngeal tubercle “on the skull” to the oesophagus
38
What’s the important of the pharyngeal raphe
Give insertions to the 3 constrictor muscles
39
Where does the 3 longitudinal muscles inserted
inserted in posterior border of the thyroid cartilage
40
Nerve supply of the pharynx
cranial accessory nerve
41
cranial accessory nerve supply all the pharyngeal muscles except
stylopharyngeus
42
stylopharyngeus muscle supply by nerve called
glossopharyngeal nerve اعرفوها بالارقام كمان
43
Action of the pharyngeal constrictors muscles
propulsive during swallowing.
44
Action of the pharyngeal longitudinal muscles
elevate the larynx and pharynx upward to close the laryngeal inlet during the second stage of swallowing
45
tubular structure about 25 cm long
Esophagus
46
beginning of Esophagus
begins as the continuation of the pharynx at the level of the 6th cervical vertebra “lower border of cricoid cartilage ”
47
Esophagus pierces the diaphragm at the level of
10th thoracic
48
Why the esophagus pierces the diaphragm
To join the stomach at level of T11
49
parts of the esophagus
1-Cervical. 2- Thoracic. 3- Abdominal.
50
aortic arch pushes the oesophagus to the midline at ?
level of the sternal angle * midline of oesophagus compress anteriorly by arch of aorta and left bronchus*
51
esophagus extend from ➡️ to
From C6 to T11
52
esophagus is divided into 3 parts
Cervical Thoracic Abdominal (1.3cm)
53
In case of heart failure or mitral stenosis the left atrium may compress the ?
ESOPHAGUS causing dysphasia
54
In the abdomen the length of esophagus is
1.3 cm
55
esophagus is accompanied with 2 structural At the opening of the diaphragm
– The two vagus nerve – Left gastric vessels
56
In case of oesophageal hernia it’s may affect the
The two vagus nerve and Left gastric vessels
57
Esophageal constrictions “narrowing ”
first : junction with the pharynx(pharyngeoesophageal junction) second : crossing with the aortic arch and the left main bronchus third : junction with the stomach
58
clinical importance of Esophageal constrictions
1. cause difficulties in passing an esophagoscope 2. In children swallowing of caustic liquids cause common sites of the development of esophageal carcinoma
59
Cervical part of oesophagus is supply by “nutrition”
inferior thyroid artery , which is branch from subclavian artery
60
Thoracic part of oesophagus is supply by “nutrition”
thoracic aorta (descending aorta )
61
Abdominal part of oesophagus is supply by “nutrition”
left gastric artery , which is branch from coelic trunk
62
Upper part of oesophagus is drain into 
inferior thyroid veins
63
Middle part of oesophagus is drain into
azygos veins
64
Where does the azygos veins end
Superior vena cava
65
Lower part of oesophagus is drain into
left gastric vein , which is a tributary of the portal vein
66
left gastric vein drain into
portal vein
67
Lymphic drainage of upper third of oesophagus is into
deep cervical nodes
68
In case of carcinoma in upper third which lymph nodes may affect
deep cervical nodes.
69
Lymphic drainage of middle third of oesophagus is into
superior and inferior mediastinal nodes
70
In case of enlargement of superior and inferior mediastinal nodes which part may affect
Middle third part
71
Lymphic drainage of lower third of oesophagus is into
celiac lymph nodes
72
enlargement of celiac lymph nodes may cause
Carcinoma of stomach or carcinoma of lower part of oesophagus
73
sympathetic NERVE SUPPLY of oesophagus 
sympathetic trunks
74
parasympathetic NERVE SUPPLY of oesophagus 
vagus nerves

Anatomy (8 decks)

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