L.3. how have cities evolved Flashcards
Re-urbanisation
when people who used to live in a city and then moved out to the country or to a suburb, move back to the city
why did NY grow?
-In the 1890s many ppl immigrated to NY.
Irish migrants escaped famine in the 1840s.
In 1860 the population exploded to 860,000 as its ports encouraged trade and the movement of people.
Eastern and Southern European communities arrived in the 1870s and 80s.
Ethnic enclaves formed places such as ‘Little Italy’.
normal order of change in a city
traditional order of urbanisation
definitions
- urbanisation
- suburbanisation -ppl moving out to the suburbs
- deindustrialisation -the closing down of factories
- counter-urbanisation - ppl moving out to rural areas like the countryside
- re-urbanisation - ppl moving
normal order of change in a city /
traditional order of urbanisation
- urbanisation-growth
- suburbanisation -decline
- deindustrialisation -decline
- counter-urbanisation -decline
- re-urbanisation -growth
1.urbanisation
Key ideas:
Pull factors of employment and services encouraged people to migrate.
Developed country cities urbanised in the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s.
Population grew and people lived in high density housing blocks, often near factories.
Emerging countries saw a similar period of growth as TNCs outsourced operations.
2.suburbanisation
Key ideas:
The city is overcrowded
Transport links made it possible to live further out of the city
Car ownership grew
Urban sprawl
In New York between the 1950s-1980s, many wealthier white families moved further out - it lost around 12% of its population.
3.de-industrilisation
Key ideas:
As global shift moved industry from the developed to emerging country cities, areas of economic decline develop.
West Midlands in the UK, Docklands London.
4.counter-urbanisation
‘white-flight’
Key ideas:
Congestion and air quality pushed people out
Crime was growing
Poor schools and services
Declining jobs
Cheaper land for larger properties outside of the city
5.re-urbanisation
Key ideas:
The knowledge economy created employment in the city
Closure of docks and industries (brownfield sites) created space for regeneration
The city is safer due to increased employment and ‘zero tolerance’ on crime.
Government and private investment have improved areas.
EXAM STYLE QUESTION
Using examples assess the effects of suburbanisation upon cities (8 marks)
- 2 effects and their impact explained & clearly state which effect has the biggest impact w/ evidence to support =7/8 marks
- assess = judgement time! (how significant the effects are,,, which effects are the most significant)
- suburbanisation- ppl moving out to live in the suburbs
- effects: positive & negative
negative effects
urban sprawl: the uncontrolled growth of urban cities
impact: can damage/destroy green environments and natural habitats.
the start of white flight: wealthier residents move out to the suburbs
impact: this leaves poorer migrant families
EXAM STYLE QUESTION
Using examples assess the effects of suburbanisation upon cities (8 marks)
- 2 effects and their impact explained & clearly state which effect has the biggest impact w/ evidence to support =7/8 marks
- assess = judgement time! (how significant the effects are,,, which effects are the most significant)
- suburbanisation- ppl moving out to live in the suburbs
- effects: positive & negative
negative effects
urban sprawl: the uncontrolled growth of urban cities
impact: can damage/destroy green environments and natural habitats.
the start of white flight: wealthier residents move out to the suburbs
impact: this leaves poorer migrant families behind- which may affect the economy.
positive effects
for ppl who move there is a larger living area: bigger houses, bigger gardens bc on the outside of the cities there is more space.
impact: Quality of life may be improved for ppl who move.
transport network: develops + improves to allow accessibility to the suburbs
impact: new + more road bridges, roads, railways means commuters faster access to NY.
EXAM STYLE QUESTION
Using examples assess the effects of suburbanisation upon cities (8 marks)
- 2 effects and their impact explained & clearly state which effect has the biggest impact w/ evidence to support =7/8 marks
- assess = judgement time! (how significant the effects are,,, which effects are the most significant)
- suburbanisation- ppl moving out to live in the suburbs
- effects: positive & negative
negative effects
urban sprawl: the uncontrolled growth of urban cities
impact: can damage/destroy green environments and natural habitats.
the start of white flight: wealthier residents move out to the suburbs
impact: this leaves poorer migrant families behind- which may affect the economy.
positive effects
for ppl who move there is a larger living area: bigger houses, bigger gardens bc on the outside of the cities there is more space.
impact: Quality of life may be improved for ppl who move.
transport network: develops + improves to allow accessibility to the suburbs
impact: new + more road bridges, roads, railways means commuters faster access to NY.
Less crime
impact: safer environments for ppl to live in.
Land Use
RICEPOTS-
Residential
Industrial (manufacturing)
Commercial (tertiary – quaternary)
Entertainment
Public building
Open Space
Transportation
Services (tertiary)
Different patterns of Land Use
different patterns are caused by factors like
- accessibility- ease of access to the area
- cost- of the land
- Planning regulations - made by councils
EXAM QUESTION
Explain how land use in cities can be affected (4 marks)
-Explain- give a reason and describe the impact
Land use in cities can be affected by
- accessibility or
- cost or
- planning regulations
