L.1.Increasing Urbanisation Flashcards
Mega city
10 million plus population – e.g. Tokyo, NYC, Mumbai
World city
major centre for finance, trade, business, information gathering and mass media, serves the whole world and can be considered an important multinational city. E.g: London and Tokyo
Natural Increase
the birth rate minus the death rate for a place. It is normally given as a % of the total population
Hyper urbanisation
is where the population is growing so fast that the city can’t cope with people’s needs
Urbanisation
A rise in the percentage of people living in urban areas, compared to rural areas.
Primate city
- is the largest city in its country
- A city that has the disproportionate role in politics/economy/population than others in a country.
- e.g. London
Alpha city
a primary node in the global economic network
Urban primacy
Ratio of the largest city to the next largest city
what causes urbanisation?
Rural to urban migration: The movement of people from the countryside to the cities, normally to escape from poverty and to search for work.
Push factors are the reasons why people leave an area
Pull factors are the reasons why people move to a particular area
Push factors
- Unemployment
- A lack of services
- Poor safety or security
- natural hazards
- poverty
- crop failure
- war
Pull factors
- potential for employment
- better/more services- leisure, schools, hospitals, banks
- less risk of natural hazards
- a more attractive quality of life
- greater wealth or affluence
EXAM QUESTION
Explain two reasons why the world is increasingly urbanised (4 marks)
-give 2 reasons
-explain each reason
- more ppl are moving from rural(villages) to urban areas(cities), (1) ppl want to find jobs and have a better quality of life especially in developing countries. (1)
- factories locate to urban areas bc they need large workforces (1) availability of jobs attract ppl to the city(1).
- ppl move to cities and settle down to get married and have families(1) this raises the urban population through natural increase(1).
How has the pattern of megacities changed over time?
In 1950, most of the megacities were located in developed countries.
Examples include New York, Chicago, Paris, London, Moscow.
NY had the greatest population of 12.3 million people. This is expected because the developed countries and already urbanised so many people will be working in their big cities.
In 2010, more developing countries started becoming urbanised.
Examples of cities who were not previously megacities include Mumbai, Dehli, Karachi, Sao Paulo,
Dhaka.
This change is the result of Global shift
By 2025 most of the megacities are expected to be located in emerging and developing countries. Examples include, Pakistan India, China, Banglandesh.
Why is London a primate city?
economic reasons for influence
London is well connected internationally.
Migration
London can attract more investment
Investment may be favoured to London (bc it is home to many TNC headquarters).
Is a HUGE financial centre -one of the world’s biggest, together with NY.
London, together with New York is one of the world’s biggest financial centres. Half of the world’s money – several trillions of US dollars – comes through London every year!
Many transnational companies (TNCs) headquarters are located in London. In these headquarters, decisions are made about what to produce, what to sell, and where. This also means investment may be favoured to London, leading to a lack of investment in other cities.
London has more services so is more likely than other smaller cities in the UK to attract private investment nationally and from other countries. This leads to a multiplier effect in the region.
If we add together all of London’s airports (e.g. Heathrow and Gatwick), London has the largest number of passengers internationally. London also has ports and major railway stations.
This makes London well connected internationally.
Migration - A range of job opportunities in London attracts rural migrants from all over the country. This pulls skilled workers away from other parts of the UK.
