L3: Energy Use

Question 1

Delta G equation for a reaction

Answer 1

Delta G = DeltaGnot + RTln([p]/[r])

Question 2

Delta G depends on…

Answer 2

Both intrinsic chemistry and concentrations

Question 3

How do energetically unfavorable reactions occur?

Answer 3

Must be coupled to an energetically favorable one

Question 4

How do enzymes work:

Answer 4

Decrease activation energy
(catalysts)
1. Orientation
2. Physical strain

Question 5

Is DeltaG affected by enzymes?

Answer 5

No.

Question 6

What is an activated carrier?

Answer 6

A small organic molecule that contains energy rich covalent bonds that store energy.

Question 7

Hydrolysis of ATP is a favorable/unfavorable reaction?

Answer 7

Favorable

Question 8

Example of energy coupling:

Answer 8

Phosphorylation of glucose during glycolysis is coupled to hydrolysis of ATP

Question 9

During glycolysis,

Answer 9

Glucose is oxidized
ATP is released
NAD+ reduced to NADH

Question 10

Steps of metabolism

Answer 10

1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate oxidation + TCA
3. ETC and oxidative phsophorylation

Question 11

Pyruvate oxidation +TCA

Answer 11

Mitochondrial matrix
Pyruvate oxidized to CO2 and H2O
NAD+ reduced to NADH
Some ATP from substrate level phosphorylation

Question 12

ETC and oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 12

NADH oxidized, O2 reduced to H2O at end
H+ gradient set up using energy from electron flow
ATP synthesized via chemi-osmosis

Question 13

Organisms that do not respire

Answer 13

ferment

Question 14

During fermentation

Answer 14

NADH from glycolysis oxidized to NAD+
Lactate released
O2 absent