L2:

Question 1

Dominant presence in living cells:

Answer 1

70% water

Question 2

The reaction used to link monomers

Answer 2

Condensation rxn

H2O is produced

Energetically favorable

Question 3

Sugar 2 primary roles:

Answer 3

1. Used as energy source
2. Assembled into cell structures/added to proteins

Question 4

Polymers can be broken down by:

Answer 4

Hydrolysis (H2O is consumed)

Energetically unfavorable

Question 5

Fatty acid structure

Answer 5

1. Fatty acid head (C-terminus)
2. Hydrophobic tail (N)

Question 6

Most important property of fatty acids

Answer 6

They are amphipathic

Question 7

Phospholipid components

Answer 7

1. Polar group (hydrophilic head)
2. Phosphoric acid
3. Glycerol molecule
4. 2 Fatty acid chains

Question 8

What percent of cellular mass do proteins make up?

Answer 8

~15%

Question 9

General formula of an amino acid:

Answer 9

1. amino group
2. central carbon
3. side chain
4. carboxyl group

Question 10

Where are peptide bonds made?

Answer 10

Inside a ribosome

Question 11

Interactions that fold proteins:

Answer 11

1. Electrostatic (between side chains)
2. Hydrogen bonds
3. Van de Waals (of neighboring atoms)

Question 12

Where are nonpolar side chains found?

Answer 12

Packed into hydrophobic core region

Question 13

Adjacent cysteine amino acids form what type of bond?

Answer 13

Disulfide. Lock into position, maintaining shape!

Question 14

Primary Structure

Answer 14

Amino acid sequence

Question 15

Secondary structure

Answer 15

Alpha helix
(H bonds)
Beta sheet
(linear strands held together by H bonds between)

Question 16

Tertiary structure

Answer 16

3D

Question 17

Quaternary structure

Answer 17

Multiple protein complex
Homomeric=all same subunits