L3 Carbonyl compounds Flashcards
what does carbonyl group mean?
oxygen atom is double bonded to carbon atom
what are the two compounds that has carbonyl group?
- Aldehydes
- Ketones
what are aldehydes?
carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon chain
what are ketones?
carbonyl group located within the carbon chain
general formula of aldehyde
O
II
*C - H
general formula of ketones
O
II
R - C - R’
simplest form of ketone
2-propanone (acetone)
naming of aldehyde
-al
naming of ketone
-one
properties of aldehyde
- polar and reactive
- cannot form hydrogen bonds among themselves therefore has low boiling point
- water molecules can form hydrogen bond with oxygen atom of aldehydes so they are more soluble in water than alkanes but not as soluble as alcohols and amines
properties of ketone
- polar and less reactive than aldehyde thus ketones are popular solvents for polar substances ex. waxes, plastics, paints.
- cannot form hydrogen bonds with each other but can form hydrogen bond with water
- ketones are somewhat soluble in water
*acetone is completely miscible with water
what are carboxylic acids?
organic compound that has carboxyl group
what is carboxyl group?
carbonyl group bonded to hydroxyl group can be written as -COOH
general formula of carboxylic acid
O
II
*C - OH
naming of carboxylic acid
-oic acid
simplest form of carboxylic acid and its uses
methanoic acid (formic acid)
HCOOH
*produced by insects as a defense mechanism
properties of carboxylic acids
- polar and reactive
- ionizes in water to form acidic solutions
(turns litmus paper red and have sour taste) - soluble in water
the relation between the solubility and number of carboxyl group
carboxylic acids with two or more carboxyl group are more soluble in water and more acidic than acids with only one carboxyl group
condensation equation
RCOOH + R’OH –> RCOOR’ + H2O
what is formaldehyde (methanal) ised for?
preservation
- they reacted it with urea to manufacture a type of grease resistant, hard plastic, appliance
what aldehydes gives almonds their natural flavor?
benzaldehyde - salicylaldehyde
