L3 Carbonyl compounds Flashcards
1
Q
what does carbonyl group mean?
A
oxygen atom is double bonded to carbon atom
2
Q
what are the two compounds that has carbonyl group?
A
- Aldehydes
- Ketones
3
Q
what are aldehydes?
A
carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon chain
4
Q
what are ketones?
A
carbonyl group located within the carbon chain
5
Q
general formula of aldehyde
A
O
II
*C - H
6
Q
general formula of ketones
A
O
II
R - C - R’
7
Q
simplest form of ketone
A
2-propanone (acetone)
8
Q
naming of aldehyde
A
-al
9
Q
naming of ketone
A
-one
10
Q
properties of aldehyde
A
- polar and reactive
- cannot form hydrogen bonds among themselves therefore has low boiling point
- water molecules can form hydrogen bond with oxygen atom of aldehydes so they are more soluble in water than alkanes but not as soluble as alcohols and amines
11
Q
properties of ketone
A
- polar and less reactive than aldehyde thus ketones are popular solvents for polar substances ex. waxes, plastics, paints.
- cannot form hydrogen bonds with each other but can form hydrogen bond with water
- ketones are somewhat soluble in water
*acetone is completely miscible with water
12
Q
what are carboxylic acids?
A
organic compound that has carboxyl group
13
Q
what is carboxyl group?
A
carbonyl group bonded to hydroxyl group can be written as -COOH
14
Q
general formula of carboxylic acid
A
O
II
*C - OH
15
Q
naming of carboxylic acid
A
-oic acid
