L2 Alcohols, ether and amines

Question 1

what does hydroxyl group mean?

Answer 1

an oxygen-hydrogen group covalently bonded to carbon atom (-OH)

Question 2

what does alcohol mean?

Answer 2

an organic compound in which hydroxyl group (-OH) replaces a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon

Question 3

general formula of alcohol

Answer 3

ROH

Question 4

simplest alcohol is

Answer 4

methanol CH3OH

Question 5

properties of alcohol

Answer 5

1- hydroxyl group of alcohol molecules are polar
2- hydroxyl group are able to form hydrogen bonds with other hydroxyl group of alcohol molecules which makes alcohols have much higher boiling points
3- alcohols are completely miscible with water due to the polarity and hydrogen bonding and becomes difficult to separate ethanol from water

Question 6

what is distillation?

Answer 6

a process of removing ethanol from water but even after that process is done 5% of ethanol remains in the mixture

Question 7

uses of ethanol

Answer 7

1- effective antiseptic
2- gasoline additive
3- starting material for synthesis of more complex organic compounds
-Alcohols make good solvents for other polar organic substances because of their polar hydroxyl group

Question 8

what is denatured alcohol?

Answer 8

ethanol with small amounts of noxious materials such as aviation gasoline or other organic solvents have been added to make it unfit to drink

Question 9

why water has higher boiling point than ethanol?

Answer 9

because water has two hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen atom while ethanol has one hydrogen atom

Question 10

the relation between number of hydroxyl group and boiling point and hydrogen bond?

Answer 10

as the number of hydroxyl group increases the hydrogen bond increases and so is the boiling point

Question 11

naming of alcohol

Answer 11

replace -e with -ol
di, tri, tetra before -ol and alkane name fully with -ane
numbering required

Question 12

examples of alcohols and what are they used for?

Answer 12

1. cyclohexanol: poisonous compound used as solvent for certain plastics and in manufacture of insecticides
2. 1,2,3-propanetriol (glycerol): used as antifreeze and as an airplane deicing fluid

Question 13

what does ether mean?

Answer 13

organic compound containing an oxygen bonded to two carbon atoms

Question 14

general formula of ether

Answer 14

ROR’

Question 15

uses of ether

Answer 15

ethyl ether highly flammable substance that was used an as anesthetic in surgery

Question 16

properties of ether

Answer 16

1- ether cannot form hydrogen bonds because they don’t have hydrogen atoms therefore are volatile, has low boiling point and less soluble in water
2- oxygen in ether can act as hydrogen bond receptor for hydrogen atoms of water molecules

Question 17

simplest ether is

Answer 17

methyl ether
CH3-O-CH3

Question 18

naming of ether

Answer 18

• alike alkyl
  alkyl ether
• different alkyl
  alkyl alkyl (alphabetical order) ether

Question 19

what does amine mean?

Answer 19

contains nitrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms in aliphatic chains or aromatic rings

Question 20

general formula

Answer 20

RNH2

Question 21

types of amines

Answer 21

1- primary amine= one of the hydrogen of ammonia have been replaced by organic groups
2- secondary amine= two of the hydrogen of ammonia have been replaced by organic groups
3- tertiary amine= three of the hydrogen of ammonia have been replaced by organic groups

Question 22

examples of amines and their uses

Answer 22

1. aniline- used in the production of dyes with deep shades of color
2. cyclohexylamine and ethylamine- important in the manufacture of pesticides, plastics, pharmaceuticals and rubber that is used to make tires

Question 23

properties of amines

Answer 23

responsible for many odors characteristic of dead and decaying organisms