L3 anatomy- general arthrology Flashcards
simple joint
e.g. scapulo- humeral joint
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Hinge joint
specil form of condylar joint
(1 axis of movement)
e.g. elbow joint
articular system
it forms in association to the skeletal system and muscular system in the form of joints
self- pressurised hydrostatic lubrication
- joint compression
- synovial fluid escapes from cartilage
- cartilage electrical imbalance increases -> retains water
- cartilage hydrostatic pressure increases
- fluid load support increases
- friction coefficient decreases
cartilaginous joint
- has cartilaginous articular interzone - no articular cavity - moderate mobility = amphiarthrosis
synarthrosis
immovable
amphiarthrosis
slightly moveable
arthrology
study of joints
synchondrosis
- primary cartilaginous jont - articular cartilage = hyalin (ossified in time) - e.g. attachment of basiphenoid and bassioccipital
sutura foliate
- one edge fits into a tissue or recess of adjacent bone
symphysis
- articular cartilage = hyalin and fibre- cartilage (not ossified in time) - limited amount of movement - e.g. attachment of vertebral bodies b/t them
sellar/ saddle joint
(2 axis of movement)
carpus joint (horse)
- concave fits with convex
sutura squamosa
squamosa = scale - edges are beveled and overlapping
Ligament
- connects 2 bones (or cartilage) together
- C.T. band for the articular system
articular recess
extra- articular diverticulum that is generally located where the fibrous membrane is thinner or absent.
- its accumulation of liquid (dropsy) indicates synovial joint trouble
- thin fibrous membrane
- secretes EXCESS synovial fluid
- fluid pushes onto the synovial membrane
- pushes outside the membrane
- if palpated; can feel pressure on the joint due to increase in fluid
Tribology
studies the phenomenon of friction, wear and lubrication b/t 2 systems that are in contact
suture
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type of fibrous joint… - bones are held together by a thin layer of dense fibrous tissue by interlocking projections - the fibrous tissue is ossified in time e.g. flat bones of the skull
diarthroses
freely moveable
syndesmosis
type of fibrous joint - not ossified in time - joint b/t radius and ulna- (fused in horse) - bones held together by a cord or sheet of dense fibrous tissue
Lubrication modes
- self- pressurised hydrostatic lubrication
- boundary lubrication
sutura plana
plana = plane
sutura serrata
serrata = serrated
condylar
(1 axis of movement)
condyle: cylindar will fit in cavity
e. g. femoro-tibial joint
synovial joint
- freely moveable = diarthroses characteristics: - joint cavity - joint capsule (inner and outer synovial membrane) - synovial fluid - articular cartilage
compound joint
(3 or more)
e.g. femoro-tibio-patella joint
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Pivot joint
(1 axis of movement)
e.g. atlantoaxial joint
boundary lubrication
- joint compression
- boundary lubricants protect articular surface
- hyaluronic acid + escaped water = gel
–> this increases viscosity
spheroid joint
(3 axis of movement)
e.g. coxofemoral joint
locomotor apparatus
consists of the movement of the skeletal, articular and muscular systems- they are grouped in accordance to the divisions of the body
Tendon
- connects muscle to bone
- C.T. cord in accordance to the muscular system
plane joint
with translation only
e.g. sacro-iliac joint
fibrous joint
joined by fibrous tissue and has a fibrous articular interzone - no articular cartilage - no joint cavity - no mobility - synarthrosis
joint
- occurs where bones meet - classified by function - function: give the skeleton mobility and hold it together
