L3- Adapting and coping with long term conditions

Question 1

70% of health and care spending is attributed to

Answer 1

to caring for people with LTCs

Question 2

chronic diseases

Answer 2

are diseases which current medical interventions can only control and not cure

Question 3

the life of a person with a chronic condition is

Answer 3

forever altered- there is no return to normal

Question 4

chronic diseases encompasses

Answer 4

o Long term
o Significant impact on sufferers
o Co-morbidity

Question 5

what is a long term condition

Answer 5

is a condition that cannot, at present, be cured but is controlled by medication and/or other treatment/therapies
- Increase with ageing population but not only older people who live with LTCS

e.g. rheumatoid arthritis

Question 6

LTC are the

Answer 6

biggest challenge facing the NHS

Question 7

a huge cultural change is needed to

Answer 7

put people at the centre of care

Question 8

preventative, personalised, integrated and innovative approaches must become

Answer 8

the norm to transform peoples lives

Question 9

theories of experience of illness (2)

Answer 9

1) functional

2) interpretive

Question 10

Functional theory- experience of illness

Answer 10

• Parsons ‘sick role’
  o Relationship between society and individual
  o Not directly acknowledging role of the body

Question 11

Interpretive theory

Answer 11

• Burys biological disruption
• Illness narrative
• Goffmans stigma

Question 12

sick role described as

Answer 12

‘a temporary, medically sanctioned form of deviant behaviour’

Question 13

sick role mechanism

Answer 13

• In order to be excused from normal duties and be considered not responsible for their condition the sick person is expected to seek profession advice and adhere to treatments
• Medical practitioners are empowered to sanction their temporary absence from the work force and family duties as well as to absolve them from blame

Question 14

limitations of the sick role

Answer 14

• Not all illnesses are temporary
• Does not acknowledge differences between people
• Does not acknowledge individual agency in defining and coping with illness i.e. not involving medical profession

Question 15

illness narratives

Answer 15

“Refer to story-telling and accounting practices that occur in the face of illness”

Question 16

illness narrative are described as The Work of Chronic illness

Answer 16

1) Illness work
2) Everyday life work
3) Emotional work
4) Biological and narrative work
5) Identity work

Question 17

illness work

Answer 17

getting a diagnosis

Question 18

3 stages of getting a diagnosis

Answer 18

• pre-diagnosis
• diagnosis
• post-diagnosis

Question 19

illness work also involves

Answer 19

managing the symptoms and self-management and normalisation

Question 20

everyday life work

Answer 20

coping and strategic management

Question 21

coping

Answer 21

cognition processes involved in dealing with illness

Question 22

strategy

Answer 22

actions and processes involved in managing the condition and its impact e.g. mobilisation of resources

Question 23

emotional work

Answer 23

• Work that people do to protect the emotional well-being of other
• Maintain normal activities becomes deliberately conscious
• People find friendships disrupted and may strategically withdraw
• May involving downplaying pain or other symptoms
• Presenting a ‘cheery self’

Question 24

biographical work

Answer 24

loss of self

• Former self-image crumbles away without simultaneous development of equally valued new ones
  o Constant struggle to lead valued lives and maintain positive definitions of self
  o Argued that focus on physical discomfort minimised broader significance of suffer for people with chronic illness
• Interaction between body and identity

Question 25

Burys biographical disruption

Answer 25

Focuses on people’s experience of the onset of illness as a disruptive event
- Acknowledges differences between individuals

Question 26

3 aspects of biographical disruption

Answer 26

1. disruption of taken for granted behaviours
2. disruption in explanatory systems
3. Mobilisation of resources

Question 27

limits of Burys biographical disruption

Answer 27

• Does not deal with conditions from birth
• Some social groups expect illness more than others
• Later work has shown that older people may see chronic illness as ‘biographically normal’

Question 28

identity work

Answer 28

different conditions carry different connotations

affects how people see themselves and how others see them

consequence of actual and imagined reaction of others

illness can become the defining aspect of identity

Question 29

Goffmans stigma outlines

Answer 29

• Distinction between ‘virtual social identity’ (how people are understood by others) and ‘actual social identity” (qualities a person possesses)

Question 30

stigma occurs when

Answer 30

there is a discrepancy between virtual social identity (how people are understood by others) and ‘actual social identity’ (quals a person possesses’

Question 31

discrepancy between virtual social identity (how people are understood by others) and ‘actual social identity’ (quals a person possesses’

Answer 31

spoils identity

Question 32

stigma is a

Answer 32

a negatively defined condition, attribute, trait or behaviour conferring deviant status

Question 33

how many stigma types

Answer 33

Stigma 1

Stigma 2

Question 34

Stigma 1

Answer 34

discreditable or discredited

Question 35

discreditable

Answer 35

Discreditable: nothing seen, but if found..

o Mental illnes/ HIV +ve

Question 36

discredited

Answer 36

Physically visible characteristic or well known stigma which sets them apart
o Physical disability
o Known suicide attempt

Question 37

conditions can be both

Answer 37

discreditable and discredited

Question 38

stigma 2

Answer 38

felt vs enacted

Question 39

felt stigma

Answer 39

real experience of prejudice, discriminated and disadvantage

o As the consequence of a condition

Question 40

enacted stigma

Answer 40

fear of enacted stigma, also encompasses a feeling of shame (associated with havign a condition)
o Selective concealment