L11- Prevention and health promotion

Question 1

prevention is better than

Answer 1

cure

Question 2

healthy population =

Answer 2

healthy working population

Question 3

prevention is an important part of the

Answer 3

NHS long term plan

Question 4

better for people to live longer without

Answer 4

chronic conditions

- how we will sustain our healthy and social care systems!

Question 5

individuals dont

Answer 5

engage well with prevention

e.g. a pill is easier than exercise every day

Question 6

example of legislative cganges (brings biggest change and value for money)

Answer 6

e.g. banning smoking in public places, sugar tax etc —> bring about the biggest change, best value for money

Question 7

sociological model of prevention (A lens for prevention) looks at

Answer 7

Indiviudals and behaviour change

wider social network and culture

institutions and organisation e.g. schools

community

structure and systems

Question 8

individuals and behaviour change

Answer 8

• Individual attitudes
• Beliefs
• Knowledge
• Behaviours

Question 9

wider social net work and culture (interpersonal)

Answer 9

• Individual relationships
• Support groups
• Social networks
• Cultural context

Question 10

institutions and organisations

Answer 10

• Schools
• Health care administration
• Businesses
• Faith based organisation
• institutions

Question 11

local community

Answer 11

• Relationships and communications between organisation and institutions

Question 12

structures and systems

Answer 12

• National, local, law, built environment e.g. public works and infrastructures

Question 13

In the UK we spend too much money on medication and tertiary prevention, we need to spend more money on

Answer 13

primordial prevention

Question 14

levels of prevention

Answer 14

1) Primordial
2) Primary prevention
3) Secondary prevention
4) Tertiary prevention

Question 15

primordial

Answer 15

• Concerned with avoiding the emergence and establishment of the social, economic and cultural patterns of living that are known to contribute to an elevated risk of disease
• It involves intervention that are applied at population level to influence or affect individuals

Question 16

primary

Answer 16

• Concerned with preventing the onset of pathological changes
• It involves interventions that are applied before there is pathology
• E.g. vaccination, smoking cessation, physical fitness, road safety

Question 17

secondary

Answer 17

• Concerned with detecting a disease in its earliest stages, before symptoms appear, an intervening top slow or stop its progression i.e. catch it early
• The assumption is that earlier intervention will be more effective, and that this disease can be slowed or revered
o e.g. screening and risk prediction’’

Question 18

tertiary

Answer 18

(we want to avoid due to cost to NHS and patient)
• Concerned with arresting the progress of an established disease and to control its negative consequences
o To lessen impairment (inc recurrence)
o To reduce disability and handicap
o To minimise suffering caused by existing departures from good health
o To promote the patient adjustment to irremediably conditions i.e. minimise the consequences

Question 19

definition of health promotion

Answer 19

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health

to reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.

Question 20

types of health promotion

Answer 20

universal or targeted

Question 21

universal approaches

Answer 21

aim to reduce risk across the whole population e.g. sugar tax

Question 22

targeted approaches

Answer 22

aim to identify those most at risk and then tailor messages and approaches to that group or groups e.g. breast feeding initiatives in young mums

Question 23

advantages and disadvantages of health promotion

Answer 23

• Where a risk factor is common the universal approaches are likely to see a bigger impact
• BUT the harm paradox is an issue- where population is affected but individual risk for many is not and this then affects perceived credibility
• Targeted approaches can be tailors to need and to specific communities
• BUT it can assume that groups are homogenous, can lead to culture blaming and broader health issues might be neglected

Question 24

Ottawa Charter- health promotion action means

Answer 24

• Building Healthy Public Policy - joint working across sectors, fiscal and wider policy, recognition of the role of public policy in health
• Creating Supportive Environments - the role of work and leisure, protecting the natural and built environment
• Strengthening community actions - empowering communities, strengthening public participation and access to opportunities
• Developing personal skills - providing access to information and education for health, enhancing life skills and enabling people to make choices and be in control of their health
• Re-orientating health services - health services as health promoting, wider and holistic focus on the individual
• Moving into the future - addressing ecological issues, seeing health as an investment, promoting equity

Question 25

models for health promotion

Answer 25

health persuasion e.g. a doctor advising a pregnant women to stop smoking

legislative action e.g. ban on smoking in public places

personal counselling e.g. counselling for someone with alcohol problems

community development e.g. times to change campaign developed by local champions

Question 26

strategies for health promotion

Answer 26

1) macrolevel
2) community development
3) health communication

Question 27

macrolevel

Answer 27

policy, legislation and system change

Question 28

macrolevel: social policy

Answer 28

• Local, national or international culture and policy e.g. smoking ban in public

Question 29

macrolevel: fiscal approaches

Answer 29

• Taxation or other approaches to discourage harmful behaviour e.g. tax on cigs and alcohol

Question 30

macrolevel: bans and restrictions

Answer 30

• Reducing availability, using legal powers, restricting use in certain settings e.g. making substances illicit, restricting ales on alcohol and cigarettes

Question 31

community devlopment

Answer 31

• participation
• communication action
• facilitation
• interface
• strategy

Question 32

health communication

Answer 32

For health related info and communication to be understood it needs to be:

• Received
• Understood
• Change attitude or belief
• Stimulate behavioural changes