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Micro unit 2 > L3 > Flashcards

L3 Flashcards

1
Q

Hepatitis viruses target

A

liver

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2
Q

Hep Primarily infect and replicate in

A

hepatocytes

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3
Q

Hep damage

A

Liver damage from virus and host response

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4
Q

Hep Some cause

A

acute infections, some cause chronic infections

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5
Q

Hep A

A

Picornaviridae
(+)ssRNA
Nonenveloped

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6
Q

Hep b

A

Hepadnaviridae
Circular dsDNA
Enveloped

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7
Q

Hep C

A

Flaviviridae
(+)ssRNA
Enveloped

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8
Q

Hepatitis delta

A

(-)ssRNA
Enveloped
Deltaviridae

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9
Q

Hepatitis E

A

Calciviridae
(+)ssRNA
Nonenveloped

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10
Q

Hep prevelence

A

Prevalence

HDV & HEV are very rare in the US

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11
Q

Hepatitis B Virus

A

Hepadnaviridae

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12
Q

Hep B genome

A

dsDNA

Smallest genome of the human viruses

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13
Q

Hep b virion

A

Virion: enveloped

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14
Q

Hepatitis B Virus - Cannot be grown in

A

cell culture

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15
Q

Hepatitis B Virus Genome has

A

RNA intermediate

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16
Q

Hepatitis B Virus cccDNA is

A

template for transcription

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17
Q

Hepatitis B Virus Requires

A

liver specific transcription factors

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18
Q

Hepatitis B Virus Produce many

A

empty particles (HBsAy); present in infected people

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19
Q

Hepatitis B Virus infection

A

sexual & drug use

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20
Q

Hep b Incubation period

A

(30-180 days)

21
Q

Hep b Symptom onset

A

General malaise, anorexia, vomiting, fatigue, cough, serum-like sickness
Jaundice, elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) levels

22
Q

Hep b Recovery, approximately

A

3-4 months after onset of jaundice

23
Q

Hepatitis B Virus

A

Chronic disease occurs in 5% of cases

Presence of HBsAg in blood for >6 mths confirms chronic infection
Marked by poor IgG response

24
Q

Hep b Sporadic episodes of

A

hepatitis

25
Q

Hep b Cirrhosis of the

A

liver

26
Q

Hep b Increased risk for

A 
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
HBV X gene/protein has tumorigenic potential
27
Q

Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination

A

Available, first recombinant vaccine approved for use in humans
Requires multiple inoculations
Not effective against chronic infection

28
Q

Hep b Treatment for chronic cases

A

Interferon-α therapy

Nucleoside analogs: adefovir, lamivudine, tenofovir

29
Q

Hepatitis D Virus

A

Subviral agent

Rare in human viruses
Only other example is adeno-associated virus (AAV) which requires adenovirus infection

30
Q

Hep D Requires

A

active HBV infection

31
Q

Hep D RNA genome encodes a

A

single protein

32
Q

Hepatitis C Virus

A

Flaviviridae

33
Q

Hep C genome

A

: (+)ssRNA

34
Q

Hep C Virion:

A

enveloped

35
Q

Hep C Proteins:

A

E1&E2: attachment and entry
C: core
Various non-structural

36
Q

Hepatitis C Virus Genome passed

A

into cytoplasm

37
Q

Hep c Genome template for

A

translation

Missing cap, ribosomes recognize Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES)

38
Q

Hepatitis C Virus Typically

A

milder signs and symptoms than observed for HBV

39
Q

Hep c Chronic infections are

A

much more common, approximately 80% of infections

40
Q

Hep c Extrahepatic disease

A

Mixed cryoglobulinemia – Antibody and virus complexes deposit in other tissues (e.g., kidneys) eliciting an immune response and subsequent tissue damage

41
Q

Hep C treatment

A

Treatment – New product, ZEPATIER, on market to treat some genotypes. No vaccine available

42
Q

Hepatitis A Virus infection

A

Infection – ingestion of fecally contaminated food or water

Absorbed through intestine and moves to liver via portal system

43
Q

Hep a incubation

A

Incubation: 15-40 days

44
Q

Hep A symptoms

A

Consistent with hepatitis infection: Maliase, anorexia, vomiting jaundice
More severe in adults than in children
Resolves approximately 8 weeks post infection

45
Q

Prevention Hep A

Vaccine available

A

– Havrix, Vaqta killed/inactivated vaccine

46
Q

Hepatitis E Virus caus3es

A

Causes foodborne and waterborne hepatitis

47
Q

Hep E virus Disease is very similar to that caused by

A

HAV; distinguished by serology

48
Q

Hep E Infection can be life threatening for

A

pregnant women

49
Q

Hep E no prevention

A

available

Micro unit 2 (12 decks)

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