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Micro unit 2 > L2 > Flashcards

L2 Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A

croup, bronchitis, respiratory tract infections

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2
Q

Varicella Zoster Virus

A

chickenpox

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3
Q

Rotavirus →

A

gastroenteritis

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4
Q

Poliovirus →

A

gastroenteritis

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5
Q

Measles Virus Biology

A

Paramyxovirus

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6
Q

Measles virus genome

A

: (-)ssRNA

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7
Q

Measles virus Virion:

A

enveloped

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8
Q

Measles virus protein

A 
Proteins:
L – polymerase
P (C&V) – phosphoprotein
H – hemagglutinin
F – fusion
M – matrix
N – nucleocapsid
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9
Q

Measles virus Replication in the

A

cell

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10
Q

Measles virus

Fusion protein causes

A

syncytia formation

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11
Q

Measles infection

A

Infection – Inhalation of aerosolized droplets

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12
Q

Measles incubation

A

Incubation period (10-14 days)

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13
Q

Primary infection in respiratory epithelial tissues →

measles

A

primary viremia

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14
Q

Measles Symptom onset

A

Coincides with second round of virus replication. Occurs in LN, tonsils, lungs, GI tract, and spleen → secondary viremia

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15
Q

Measles Recovery,

A

approximately 20 days after infection

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16
Q

Measles is the most

A

Most deadly of the childhoodrash/fever illnesses (CDC)

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17
Q

Measles Characteristic rash

A

Virus & immune response damage to epithelial and endothelial cells
Koplik spots

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18
Q

Measles Immune suppression

A

Interference with CD46 & signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) receptors

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19
Q

Measles Opportunistic infections

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae

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20
Q

Measles blindness in

A

Blindness in vitamin A deficient children

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21
Q

Measles Acute disseminated encphalomyelitis (ADEM) –

A

rare 1:1000 children, demyelinating disease

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22
Q

Measles Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) –

A

very rare 1:1,000,000 children, 7 to 10 years after infection, progressive neurological deterioration

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23
Q

Measles symptoms

A

2-3 days fever + cough, coryza, & conjunctivitis

Rash: Koplik spots “small, bright red spots with bluish centers on buccal mucosa…pathognomonic for measles”

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24
Q

Measles in the lab

A

Virus isolation in culture (difficult)
Serology
ELISA, RT-PCR

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25
Q

Measles Prevention

A

One of the most contagious diseases known

Number of cases from one illness (R0) in a naïve population is 15 to 20

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26
Q

Measles - people are infectious

A

People are infectious 2-3 days prior to rash

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27
Q

Measles host

A

human only

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28
Q

Measles vaccine

A 
Primary option
Life long immunity
Live attenuated vaccine
Safe
Autism & colitis correlation retracted
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29
Q

Measles Providing

A

vitamin A can reduce severity

No antivirals

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30
Q

Measles prevelence

A

Measles was declared eliminated from the US in 2000, but remains common in other countries
Measles continues to be introduced to the US through international travel
222 cases in 2011
Outbreaks continued in 2013
Brooklyn, NY – 17 yr old visited London, 58 cases total, none were previously vaccinated
NC – individual visited India, 22 cases resulting, most were not vaccine, 3 had been

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31
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Biology

A

Paramyxovirus

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32
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Biology - Genome:

A

(-)ssRNA

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33
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Biology - Virion:

A

enveloped

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34
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Biology proteins

A 
Proteins:
L – polymerase
G – glycoprotein
F – fusion
M – matrix
P – phosphoprotein
N – nucleocapsid
NS1&NS2 – replication & immune response
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35
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus biology Replication in the

A

cell – similar steps as for measles virus

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36
Q

RSVB Infects

A

ciliated cells in the respiratory tract epithelium

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37
Q

RSVB Fusion protein creates

A

syncytia

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38
Q

RSVB Virus buds from

A

cellular surface

39
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

A

the most important viral agent of serious pediatric respiratory tract infections

40
Q

RSVB infection

A

Infection by inhalation of aerosol, fomites

41
Q

RSVB virus replication limited to

A

Virus replication limited to respiratory tract

42
Q

RSVB Incubation period

A

4-5 days

43
Q

RSVB Lower respiratory tract symptoms

A

1 to 3 days after upper respiratory tract symptoms

44
Q

RSVB Recovery

A

7 to 12 days after symptom onset

45
Q

RSVB Virus that infects humans

A

does not infect other animals – no animal reservoir

46
Q

RSVB Infection does not yield

A

life long immunity

47
Q

RSVB Infants have an immature immune system

Infection limited to

A

respiratory tract epithelial cells where IgA response is short lived

48
Q

RSVB Low cytotoxicity thought to result in

A

slower immune response

49
Q

RSVB Risk factors for infection

A

Attending day care

School age siblings

50
Q

RSVB Risk for more severe disease

A

Premature birth, male, second hand exposure to tobacco smoke, lack of breast feeding

51
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention may use

A

ribavirin administered by inhalation

52
Q

RSVB No vaccine

A

Vaccines in development
Formalin inactivated vaccine not successful
Challenge to immunize infants who are at the greatest risk

53
Q

RSVB Passive immunoprophylaxis

A

Palivizumab – humanized monoclonal antibody
Targets F protein
Given IM once a month

54
Q

Varicella Zoster Virus Biology

A

Alphaherpesvirus

55
Q

Varicella Zoster Virus Biology genome

A

dsDNA, large

56
Q

VZV Virion:

A

enveloped, hundreds of proteins

57
Q

Replication : Varicella Zoster Virus Biology (Cont.)

A

Replication in the Cell
Active cell for replication
Resting cell (e.g. neuron) → latent infection (circular genome)
Infects neighboring cells first

58
Q

Chickenpox (VZV) the DiseaseL: Infection –

A

Inhalation of aerosolized droplets

59
Q

VZV Incubation period

A

(10 to 21 days)

60
Q

VZV Symptoms

A

Fever, malaise, headache,
Rash 1-2 days after symptom onset
Rash progresses for 3-6 days
Rash on scalp, face, trunk primarily

61
Q

VZV Recovery usually by

A

2 weeks post symptom onset

cell mediated immunity most important

62
Q

VZV Usually establishes

A

latent infections that can be reactivated – shingles

Not to be confused with smallpox

63
Q

Chickenpox Prevention vaccination

A

Vaccination
Primary option
Life long immunity
Live attenuated vaccine

64
Q

Antivirals VZV

A 
Acyclovir:
Interferes with genome replication
Cannot eliminate latent virus
Does not prevent infection of cells
Drug resistance is being observed
65
Q

Poliovirus Biology

A

Picornavirus

66
Q

Poliovirus genome

A

(+)ssRNA

67
Q

Poliovirus Virion:

A

Non-enveloped

68
Q

Poliovirus protein

A

Proteins
Capsid - VP1,VP2, VP3, VP4
Non-structural - proteases, polymerase, others

69
Q

Poliovirus replcation

A

Replication in cell

70
Q

Poliovirus Virus particle creates

A

pore in cell membrane

71
Q

Poliovirus Genome serves as

A

mRNA

72
Q

Poliovirus prevelent in

A

endemic areas such that infections are most common in naïve children

73
Q

Poliovirus infection

A

Infection by ingestion of material containing virus

As few as 100 TCID50

74
Q

Poliovirus Primary replication in

A

Peyer’s patches of small intestine - Minor viremia

75
Q

Poliovirus Secondary replication

A

Major viremia

76
Q

Poliovirus

A

Mild disease

Fecal shedding of virus for 6 weeks

77
Q

Poliovirus

A

CNS involvement in 1:200 of infections

Risk factors: physical exertion, trauma, tonsillectomy

78
Q

Poliovirus Virus replicates in

A

gray matter of brain and spinal cord

Limb paralysis from anterior horn cell damage
Respiratory paralysis from damage to medulla oblongata

79
Q

Poliovirus vaccines

A

Two effective vaccines available
Salk – killed
Sabin – live attenuated

80
Q

Poliovirus is human

A

only

81
Q

Rotavirus

A

Reoviridae

82
Q

Rotavirus Genome:

A

dsRNA, 11 segments

83
Q

Rotavirus Virion:

A

non-enveloped

84
Q

Rotavirus proteins

A 
Proteins:
VP1 – polymerase
VP2 – RNA binding
VP3 – transferase
VP4 – attachment & fusion
Other structural and non-structural proteins
85
Q

Rotavirus replication in

A

cell - Membrane disruption

Genome never exposed

86
Q

Rotavirus Infection by

A

ingestion of material containing the virus

87
Q

Rotavirus Incubation of

A

2 days – Vomiting & fever

88
Q

Rotavirus Diarrhea -

A

2 to 3 days after vomiting, 3 to 8 days in duration

89
Q

Rotavirus Virus shedding for

A

weeks before symptom onset and days after recovery

90
Q

Rotavirus Severe disease most common

A

in 6 to 24 month old children

91
Q

Rotavirus diagnoses

A

Diagnose by antigens in stool

92
Q

Rotavirus infant

A

vaccine available

93
Q

Rotavirus treatment

A 
No antivirals
Hygiene
Hand washing
Treatment
Oral rehydration
94
Q

**Exceptions to virus replications:

A

RNA virus: influenza virus replicates in nucleus

DNA virus: poxvirus replicate in cytoplasm

Micro unit 2 (12 decks)

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