L3-4 Flashcards
1
Q
All materials made of
A
matter
2
Q
and
all matter living and nonliving, is
composed of chemical ___ substances that cannot be broken
into simpler substances by chemical changes.
A
elements
3
Q
Make up matter
A
element
4
Q
Smallest particle of an
element
A
atom
5
Q
ex of atom
A
Proton, neutron, electron
6
Q
Formed by two or more atoms joined to one another by covalent
bonding
A
molecule
7
Q
forms when two
atoms share a pair of electrons to complete their outmost energy
levels.
A
covalent bond
8
Q
“two or more atoms chemically
joined together”
A
molecule
9
Q
“two or more different
elements joined together
chemically”
A
compound
10
Q
Large molecules comprising the majority of cell components
A
macromolecules
11
Q
macromolecules also called
A
polymers
12
Q
macromolecules made up of small units called
A
monomers
13
Q
Sugars and starches
A
carbohydrates
14
Q
Contain C, H, O (CH2O)
A
carbohydrates
15
Q
Simple sugars
A
Monosaccharides
16
Q
C6H12O6
A
Monosaccharides
17
Q
Glucose, fructose, galactose
A
Monosaccharides
18
Q
Two monosaccharides
combine thru dehydration synthesis
A
Disaccharides
19
Q
Sucrose, maltose, lactose
A
Disaccharides
20
Q
Several monomers combine
A
Polysaccharides
21
Q
main carbohydrate reserve of plants
A
starch
22
Q
chief structural polymer in plant cell walls
A
cellulose
23
Q
Insoluble in water
A
lipids
24
Q
Energy reserves and structural
components of cells
A
lipids
25
solid at room temp (Polymer)
fats
26
liquid at room temp
oil
27
Lipids consisting of very
long-chain fatty acids
bonded to a long-chain
alcohol
waxes (polymer)
28
Function in waterproofing,
reduction of water loss,
protection against microbes
and insects
waxes (polymer)
29
hydrophilic
head
30
hydrophobic
tail
31
Regulate chemical reactions
proteins
32
building blocks of proteins
amino acids
33
chains of amino acids linked together via peptide bonds
polypeptides
34
Has a complex structure
protein
35
Three-dimensional
protein
35
rich in protein but
deficient in certain amino acids
legumes
36
catalysts of cellular
chemical reactions
enzymes
37
Large complex polymers vital to internal communication and
functioning of all living cells
nucleic acids
38
A nitrogen base
nucleotides
39
Five-carbon sugar
nucleotides
40
Phosphoric acid molecule
nucleotides
41
The art of grinding lenses is
developed in __ and spectacles are
made to improve eyesight.
Italy
42
Dutch lens grinders. Made the first microscope by
placing two lenses in a tube
Hans and
Zacharias Janssen (1590)
43
Studied various object with his
microscope and publishes his
results in Micrographia.
Robert Hooke
44
Used a simple microscope with only one lens to
look at the blood, insects and many other objects
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
45
He was one of the first people to observe cells,
much like Robert Hooke.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
46
He described cells and bacteria seen through his very small microscopes with for his time, it was
made of extremely good lenses.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
47
Reduces the problem with special
aberration by showing that several
weak lenses used together at
certain distances gave good
magnification without blurring the
image
Joseph Jackson Lister
48
49
Formulated a mathematical theory
correlating resolution to the wavelength of light
Ernst Abbe
50
__ formula made calculations of
maximum resolution in
microscopes possible
Ernst Abbe
51
Developed the ultra-
microscope and is able to study objects below the wavelength of light
Richard Zsigmondy
52
Invents the phase-contrast microscope that allows the study of colorless and transparent biological materials
Frits Zernike
53
Develops the electron microscope
Ernst Ruska
54
The ability to use electrons in
microscopy greatly improves the
resolution and expands the borders
of exploration.
Ernst Ruska
55
Invent the scanning tunneling microscope that gives three-
dimensional images of objects down to the atomic level.
Gerd Binnig and Heinrich
Rohrer
56
LIGHT MICROSCOPE
Compound Microscope
Dissecting Microscope
57
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Transmission Electron Microscope
Scanning Electron Microscope
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope
Scanning Tunneling Microscope
58
3 MAJOR PARTS OF A COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
Mechanical parts
Illuminating parts
Magnifying parts
59
Bottom most
portion
base
60
Supports the entire
lower microscope
base
61
Short vertical post
rising from the base
that is usually
attached to the handle
pillar
62
Supports the other
parts
pillar
63
Allows for tilting of
the microscope for
the convenience of
the user
inclination joint
64
The handle for
holding the
microscope.
Curved/slanted
arm/neck
65
specimen to be
examined is placed
stage
66
is a tiny
hole in the stage via
which the transmitted
light enters the stage
aperture
67
Secures the
specimen in place
stage clips
68
Cylindrical
structure on top of
the body tube that
holds the ocular
lenses
7.Draw tube/ Eye
piece tube
69
Attached to the arm
and bears the lenses
body tube
70
Rotating disc that
houses the objective
lenses
Revolving
nosepiece
71
Lies at the top of the
nosepiece and
keeps dust from
settling on the
objectives
dust shield
72
Geared to the body tube
which elevates or lowers
the stage when rotated,
bringing the object into
approximate focus
Coarse Adjustment
Knob
73
Smaller knob for delicate
focusing bringing the
object into perfect focus
Fine Adjustment
Knob
74
Elevates and lowers the
condenser to regulate the intensity of light
Condenser
Adjustment Knob
75
Lever in front of the
condenser which can be
moved horizontally to
open and close the
diaphragm
Iris Diaphragm
Knob
76
Regulates the amount of
light necessary to obtain
a clearer view of the
specimen
Iris Diaphragm
77
Located beneath the stage and has a concave and plane surface to gather and direct light in order to illuminate the specimen
mirror
78
light source
illuminator
79
It is used to condense or
concentrate light
reflected from the
mirror/illuminator to the
specimen being examined
condenser
80
Ocular Lens.
In the upper portion of the microscope, where an observer
looks through
eyepiece
81
Further magnify the image.
produced by the objective lenses.
It usually ranges from 5x to 15
eyepiece
82
Metal cylinders attached
to the nosepiece and
contains lenses (with
different magnifications)
objectives
83
marked with 5x magnification
scanner
84
usually 10x magnification
LPO (Low Powered Objective)
85
gives higher magnification usually 40x or 43x
HPO (High Powered Objective)
86
Has the highest magnification, usually 97x or 100x
OIO (Oil Immersion Objective)
87
Used wet = either cedar wood oil or synthetic oil
OIO (Oil Immersion Objective)
