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Cell Biology > L26 Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

L26 Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland Flashcards

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1
Q

Growth hormone releasing hormone from the hypothalamus (GHRH) acts on…

A

Somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary, which release growth hormone (somatotropin)

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2
Q

The hypothalamus plays a key role in…

A

Homeostasis

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3
Q

The pituitary gland is divided into two main parts, the…

A

Posterior and anterior

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4
Q

Together the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are known as the…

A

Hypothalamic-pituitary axis

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5
Q

The pituitary gland is also known as the…

A

Hypophysis

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6
Q

The hypothalamus connects to the pituitary glands via the…

A

Pituitary stalk

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7
Q

Hormones destined for the posterior pituitary gland are produced in the cell bodies of the neurons, which are actually located in the…

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

The hypothalamus releases…

A

Hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones into the portal circulation

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9
Q

The hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones (X-hormone releasing hormones) act upon the…

A

Anterior pituitary

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10
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) acts on the…

A

Gonadotrophs to stimulate FSH and LH release

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11
Q

Growth-hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) acts on the…

A

Somatotrophs to stimulate GH release

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12
Q

Growth hormone is a…

A

Peptide hormone 191 AAs in length

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13
Q

Release of GH is inhibited by GH inhibiting hormone, aka…

A

Somatostatin

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14
Q

Acute metabolic actions of GH are… (4)

A
  • Release of fatty acid from adipose tissue
  • Diabetogenic, ‘anti-insulin’
  • Increased gluconeogenesis in liver
  • Increased production of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
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15
Q

The long-term effects of GH are mediated via…

A

IGF-1

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16
Q

The long-term effects of GH are… (2)

A
  • Growth promotion ( bone, epiphyseal cartilage, soft tissue, viscera, gonads)
  • amino acid uptake & protein synthesis
17
Q

A failure to reach expected stature during development may be due to a deficiency of GH. This can be corrected through…

A

Recombinant growth hormone (rhGH)

18
Q

Under functioning of the pituitary causes…

A

Hypo-pituitary dwarfism

19
Q

Pituitary gigantism results from…

A

Excess Growth Hormone secretion in early life

20
Q

Acromegaly results from…

A

Excess Growth Hormone secretion in adulthood

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