L26 Animal Circulation and Gas Exchange

Question 1

who proposed the correct blood flow pattern 400 years ago?

Answer 1

William Harvey

Question 2

what is a solution for volume to surface area ratios?

Answer 2

circulation

Question 3

how does O2 and CO2 travel around body without circulation system?

Answer 3

diffusion

Question 4

what simple animals do not have circulatory systems?

Answer 4

cnidaria, sponges and flatworms

Question 5

What are the functions associated with Circulatory system?

Answer 5

1) Respiratory gas transport
2) nutrient and waste transport
3) communication via hormones
4) heat transfer

Question 6

what is an open circulatory system?

Answer 6

fluid containing transport materials is open to the tissues, it is pumped into tubular heart and then to tissues and back again

Question 7

what is the fluid called in open circulatory systems?

Answer 7

hemolymph

Question 8

What is the hearts function?

Answer 8

1) transport fluid around body
2) generate flow and pressure
3) muscular contraction
4) regulation of stroke volume and rate

Question 9

what organism has an open circulatory system?

Answer 9

fish

Question 10

what is an advantage of close circulatory system?

Answer 10

creates higher flow of blood and blood pressure - better metabolism

Question 11

what is the blood composed of?

Answer 11

45% red and white blood cells, 55% plasma

Question 12

what is haemoglobin?

Answer 12

respiratory pigment found in erthrocytes

Question 13

how do red blood cells get energy if they have no mitochondria?

Answer 13

they respire anaerobically

Question 14

what is haemocyanin?

Answer 14

protein in invertebrates that transports O2

Question 15

Why do fish have gills in relation to gas exchange?

Answer 15

increase surface area of exchange to get O2 in and CO2 out

Question 16

what is non-directional ventilation?

Answer 16

gasesous exchange occurs in an unpredictible area example eel skin

Question 17

what is tidal ventilation?

Answer 17

O2 and CO2 leave and enter through the same points

Question 18

what is unidirectional ventilation?

Answer 18

one way flow of gaseous exchange example fish (most efficient)
water flows through mouth through gills and back out to oxygen

Question 19

how do arthropods complete gaseous exchange?

Answer 19

pores with a system of tubes called trachea via diffusion

Question 20

what is different about breathing under water?

Answer 20

1) 20 times less O2 per volume of water compared to air
2) water is more viscous than air ,ventilation requires more energy
3) rate of diffusion is much slower

Question 21

how do lamprey fish breathe?

Answer 21

mouths closed, expand and contract head ‘branchobasket’ , water flows in and out of gills

Question 22

what is ram ventilation?

Answer 22

animals constantly swim forward with mouth open trying to get oxygen

Question 23

what is a counter-current exchange system?

Answer 23

blood flowing in one direction, oxygen flowing in another - more opportunity for gasses to exchange between

Question 24

how does counter-current allow lots of diffusion?

Answer 24

it has a continuous gasesous exchange gradient

Question 25

what is the relationship between metabolic rates and gill surface area?

Answer 25

linear, as animals require a higher metabolism, they have higher surface area of gills

Question 26

how is heat retained in tissues?

Answer 26

cold blood from gills to be deoxygenated | warm blood going to gills to be reoxygenated

Question 27

how are fishes ectothermic?

Answer 27

their temp matches ocean temp

Question 28

how does andes (high altitude) frog deal with reduced oxygen levels?

Answer 28

baggy skin - more surface area | push-ups increase water flow through skin

Question 29

how do echinoderms/starfish respire?

Answer 29

water vascular system | external gills all over body