L24 Animal Nutrition and Digestion Flashcards
what does food provide animals with?
1) fuel stored in chemical bonds
2) raw materials for biosynthesis such as carbon skeletons
3) essential nutrients
how much ATP does 1 mole of glucose make?
38
what are the 4 steps of cellular respiration?
1) digestion
2) glycolysis
3) Kreb’s
4) ETC
what are essential nutrients?
essential amino acids and fatty acids, vitamins and minerals
why is it not sufficient to eat only plants when vegetarian?
plants do not contain all essential amino acids needed for the functioning of animal
where can you find essential fatty acids?
dietary seeds, grains and veg
what are vitamins?
organic molecules important for bodily function - humans need about 0.01~100mg a day, small amounts
Where do vitamins function?
1) coenzyme/cofactors in metabolic processes
2) production of connective tissue
3) formation of visual pigments
4) Bone formation
5) Blood clotting
6) Synthesis of fat
what are minerals?
inorganic nutrients needed in small amounts, ~1-2000mg a day
Where do minerals function?
1) metabolism processes
2) acid-base balance
3) nerve and muscle function
4) calcium and phosphorous for maintanance of bone
why do turtles eat rocks?
to acquire essential nutrients such as iron and calcium
Name the 4 feeding types
Suspension feeders, fluid feeders, substrate feeders and bulk feeders
what do sponges do to digest food?
intracellular digestion
what to hydra do to digest food?
extracellular digestion via a gastro-vascular cavity - one opening function for excretion AND ingestion
what is an advantage of animals having two openings for ingestion and digestion?
compartmentalization - both processes can occur at the same time
what is the work house of the digestive system
intestine
what movement process requires high energy in digestion?
peristalsis
is the absorption process in intestine active or passive?
both but mostly active
does the secretion of enzymes require energy?
yes constant need for energy
how much energy can the secretion of enzymes take up?
up to a third of the meal being digested
why do we get sleepy after eating alot?
alot of energy is taken up by the digestive process
why do herbivores have longer intestinal tubes than carnivores?
more time to digest plpant cell walls
how do rabbits overcome the fact that absorption and digestion occurs in small intestine?
eating their own faeces for redigestion
how do rabbits overcome cellulose digestion?
symbiotic bacteria in large intestine breakdown the plant cell walls
