L24 Animal Nutrition and Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

what does food provide animals with?

A

1) fuel stored in chemical bonds
2) raw materials for biosynthesis such as carbon skeletons
3) essential nutrients

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2
Q

how much ATP does 1 mole of glucose make?

A

38

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3
Q

what are the 4 steps of cellular respiration?

A

1) digestion
2) glycolysis
3) Kreb’s
4) ETC

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4
Q

what are essential nutrients?

A

essential amino acids and fatty acids, vitamins and minerals

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5
Q

why is it not sufficient to eat only plants when vegetarian?

A

plants do not contain all essential amino acids needed for the functioning of animal

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6
Q

where can you find essential fatty acids?

A

dietary seeds, grains and veg

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7
Q

what are vitamins?

A

organic molecules important for bodily function - humans need about 0.01~100mg a day, small amounts

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8
Q

Where do vitamins function?

A

1) coenzyme/cofactors in metabolic processes
2) production of connective tissue
3) formation of visual pigments
4) Bone formation
5) Blood clotting
6) Synthesis of fat

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9
Q

what are minerals?

A

inorganic nutrients needed in small amounts, ~1-2000mg a day

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10
Q

Where do minerals function?

A

1) metabolism processes
2) acid-base balance
3) nerve and muscle function
4) calcium and phosphorous for maintanance of bone

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11
Q

why do turtles eat rocks?

A

to acquire essential nutrients such as iron and calcium

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12
Q

Name the 4 feeding types

A

Suspension feeders, fluid feeders, substrate feeders and bulk feeders

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13
Q

what do sponges do to digest food?

A

intracellular digestion

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14
Q

what to hydra do to digest food?

A

extracellular digestion via a gastro-vascular cavity - one opening function for excretion AND ingestion

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15
Q

what is an advantage of animals having two openings for ingestion and digestion?

A

compartmentalization - both processes can occur at the same time

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16
Q

what is the work house of the digestive system

A

intestine

17
Q

what movement process requires high energy in digestion?

A

peristalsis

18
Q

is the absorption process in intestine active or passive?

A

both but mostly active

19
Q

does the secretion of enzymes require energy?

A

yes constant need for energy

20
Q

how much energy can the secretion of enzymes take up?

A

up to a third of the meal being digested

21
Q

why do we get sleepy after eating alot?

A

alot of energy is taken up by the digestive process

22
Q

why do herbivores have longer intestinal tubes than carnivores?

A

more time to digest plpant cell walls

23
Q

how do rabbits overcome the fact that absorption and digestion occurs in small intestine?

A

eating their own faeces for redigestion

24
Q

how do rabbits overcome cellulose digestion?

A

symbiotic bacteria in large intestine breakdown the plant cell walls