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9: FPN > L2: Special Dietary Needs 🥣 > Flashcards

L2: Special Dietary Needs 🥣 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do people follow special diets? (4)

A
  1. Personal choice
  2. Health Reasons
  3. Religion/Culture
  4. Allergy/Intolerance
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2
Q

What are some special diets? (5)

A
  1. Vegetarians
  2. Coeliac Disease
  3. Lactose Intolerance
  4. High fibre
  5. Low sodium
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3
Q

What are the 3 main types of vegetarians?

A

Lacto
Lacto-ovo
Vegans

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4
Q

What does lacto mean?

A

Does eat dairy products eg. Milk, butter, cream, cheese, yoghurt

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5
Q

What does lacto ovo mean?

A

Does eat milk and eggs (similar to lacto vegetarians)

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6
Q

What are vegans?

A

Strict vegetarians
Does not eat animal food but all food is plant based

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7
Q

How do vegans stay healthy?

A

Should use plant proteins to get full range of essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals

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8
Q

What is coeliac disease?

A

Sensitivity to gluten

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9
Q

What is gluten?

A

A protein found in wheat, rye, barley and sometimes oats

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10
Q

How does coeliac disease work ?

A

The body reacts to gluten by attacking the healthy tissue in the body by mistake

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11
Q

What does coeliac disease do?

A

Damages the lining of the intestines which can stop nutrients being absorbed
Causes a lot of damage

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12
Q

What is gluten? (Allergens)

A

One of the 14 food allergens and must be labelled by law

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13
Q

What is lactose ?

A

Lactose is the sugar in milk and dairy products

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14
Q

What is lactose intolerance?

A

People who suffer lack the enzyme lactase needed to break down and digest lactose

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15
Q

How do you protect yourself from lactose?

A

Buying lactose tablets to eat before consuming milk or dairy

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16
Q

Symptoms of lactose intolerance

A

Bloated stomach
Stomach pains
Diarrhoea
Heart burn

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17
Q

How long is lactose intolerance?

A

Permanent or temporary

18
Q

What is high fibre important for?

A

A healthy diet
Good digestion

19
Q

What does high fibre do?

A

Helps prevent diseases such as coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers

20
Q

What is high fibre found in?

A

Plant foods,such as cereals, fruits and vegetables

21
Q

How much high fibre does an adult need on average per day?

A

30g ( most people don’t get enough )

22
Q

What is sodium chloride?

A

Salt

23
Q

What is salt?

A

Sodium chloride

24
Q

What is sodium chloride needed for in the body?

A

To help regulate fluid levels

25
Q

A persons whose diet is high in salt/ Too much of sodium chloride can..

A

Increase blood pressure and risk of stroke

26
Q

Adults need no more than _g of salt per day

A

6

27
Q

What is iron important in the body for?

A

Production and health of red blood cells

28
Q

What vitamin helps the absorption of iron from plants?

A

C

29
Q

Where is iron found? (Food)

A

Red meats and green leafy veg/ dried fruit

30
Q

Why should girls make sure they get enough iron?

A

Due to menstrual cycle where they lose blood

31
Q

What is iron deficiency anaemia?

A

Diet related condition caused by a deficiency of iron

32
Q

Why is iron important?

A

A mineral required to
Make haemoglobin which carries oxygen around the body

33
Q

Why do teenage girls need to have diets rich in iron? (5 marks)

A

Iron creates haemoglobin which carries oxygen around the body and is absorbed in the small intestine, this absorption being enhanced by Vitamin C (1), otherwise their organs won’t get as much oxygen as usual (1) Girls need significantly more iron due to their menstrual cycle as they lose blood monthly (1) They need more iron in foods like green leafy veg/ red meat/ dried fruit (1) for production of healthy red blood cells to replace the blood they have lost (1).

34
Q

What is type 2 diabetes also known as?

A

‘Onset’ diabetes

35
Q

What is type 2 diabetes linked to?

A

An unhealthy lifestyle

36
Q

What is type 2 diabetes NOT gotten from?

A

Eating too much sugar

37
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

Where the body cannot control insulin production which controls blood sugar levels

38
Q

Diabetes is a condition where the..

A

Body does not produce the amount of insulin needed to regulate the blood sugar.

39
Q

What is required for energy?

A

Glucose so respiration can take place for energy in our cells

40
Q

Type 2 diabetes is .. when..

A

Developed
Later in life

41
Q

How can type 2 diabetes be prevented ?

A

A balanced diet
Regular exercise
Maintaining a healthy weight

9: FPN (7 decks)

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