(L2, L4) Cholinergic Drugs Flashcards
ACh is (1) type cholinergic drug in the (quaternary ammonium / tertiary amine) form with a (3) MOA. It is used for the following: (4).
1- direct acting cholinergic agent, choline ester
2- quaternary ammonium
3- cholinergic agonist
4- rapid miosis after lens delivery in cataract surgery & for other procedures where rapid miosis is required
________ is used for rapid miosis after lens delivery in cataract surgery & for other procedures where rapid miosis is required
ACh (cholinergic agonist)
Bethanechol is (1) type cholinergic drug in the (quaternary ammonium / tertiary amine) form with a (3) MOA. It is used for the following: (4).
1- direct acting cholinergic agent, choline ester
2- quaternary ammonium
3- muscarinic agonist
4- postoperative / postpartum urinary retention and bladder atony
________ is used for postoperative / postpartum urinary retention and bladder atony
bethanechol (muscarinic agonist)
Carbachol is (1) type cholinergic drug in the (quaternary ammonium / tertiary amine) form with a (3) MOA. It is used for the following: (4).
1- direct acting cholinergic agent, choline ester
2- quaternary ammonium
3- nicotinic and muscarinic agonist
4- miosis during surgery and to reduce intraocular pressure after cataract surgery
________ is used for miosis during surgery and to reduce intraocular pressure after cataract surgery
carbachol (nicotinic + muscarinic agonist)
Methacholine is (1) type cholinergic drug in the (quaternary ammonium / tertiary amine) form with a (3) MOA. It is used for the following: (4).
1- direct acting cholinergic agent, choline ester
2- quaternary ammonium
3- muscarinic agonist
4- Asthma Dx
________ is used in the diagnosis of not clinically apparent asthma (explain)
methacholine (muscarinic agonist): stimulates M3 activation => brochoconstriction (+ inc secretions); a FCV drop by 20% indicates asthma
Pilocarpine is (1) type cholinergic drug in the (quaternary ammonium / tertiary amine) form with a (3) MOA. It is used for the following: (4).
1- direct-acting cholinergic agent, natural alkaloid
2- tertiary amine
3- partial muscarinic agonist
4- 2nd line agent in open angle glaucoma, acute angle glaucoma management, and dry mouth in patients undergoing chemotherapy in head/neck tumors or with Sjogren’s syndrome
________ is used as a 2nd line agent in open angle glaucoma, acute angle glaucoma management, and dry mouth in patients undergoing chemotherapy in head/neck tumors or with Sjogren’s syndrome
pilocarpine (partial muscarinic agonist)
Nicotine is (1) type cholinergic drug in the (quaternary ammonium / tertiary amine) form with a (3) MOA. It is used for the following: (4).
1- direct-acting cholinergic agent, natural alkaloid OR ganglion blocker
2- tertiary amine
3- nicotinic agonist (depolarizing agent: stimulation (low doses) followed by paralysis (high doses))
4- smoking cessation (no other uses)
Edrophonium is (1) type cholinergic drug in the (quaternary ammonium / tertiary amine) form with a (3) MOA. It is used for the following: (4).
1- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist
2- quaternary ammonium
3- cholinesterase inhibitor
4- myasthenia gravis Dx, reverse neuromuscular block by non-depolarizing blocker
_______ is used in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis and to reverse neuromuscular block by non-depolarizing blocker
edrophonium (anti-AChE)
Physostigmine is (1) type cholinergic drug in the (quaternary ammonium / tertiary amine) form with a (3) MOA. It is used for the following: (4).
1- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, carbamate
2- tertiary amine
3- cholinesterase inhibitor
4- Tx for anti-cholinergic overdoses
_________ is used to treat overdoses of anti-cholinergic drugs
physostigmine (anti-AChE)
Neostigmine is (1) type cholinergic drug in the (quaternary ammonium / tertiary amine) form with a (3) MOA. It is used for the following: (4).
1- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, carbamate
2- quaternary ammonium
3- cholinesterase inhibitor
4- myasthenia gravis Tx, reverse effects of non-depolarizing blocker after surgery, post-operative urinary retention
________ is used to treat myasthenia gravis, reverse effects of non-depolarizing blocker after surgery, and post-operative urinary retention
neostigmine (anti-AChE)
Pyridostigmine is (1) type cholinergic drug in the (quaternary ammonium / tertiary amine) form with a (3) MOA. It is used for the following: (4).
1- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, carbamate
2- quaternary ammonium
3- cholinesterase inhibitor
4- myasthenia gravis Tx
________ is used to treat myasthenia gravis
-pyridostigmine (its only function)
-neostigmine (has other functions)
[edrophonium for Dx]
Echothiophate is (1) type cholinergic drug with a (2) MOA. It is used for the following: (3).
1- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, organophosphate
2- cholinesterase inhibitor
3- glaucoma Tx (rarely)
______ is rarely used in glaucoma treatment
echothiophate (anti-AChE)
Parathion and Melathion are (1) type cholinergic drugs with a (2) MOA. It is used for the following: (3).
1- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, organophosphate
2- cholinesterase inhibitor
3- insecticides
________ are used as insecticides
parathion, malathion (anti-AChE)
Sarin is (1) type cholinergic drug with a (2) MOA. It is used for the following: (3).
1- indirect-acting cholinergic agonist, organophosphate
2- cholinesterase inhibitor
3- nerve agent, chemical warfare
_________ is a serious nerve agent (used in warfare)
sarin gas (anti-AChE)
Atropine is (1) type cholinergic drug in the (quaternary ammonium / tertiary amine) form with a (3) MOA. It is used for the following: (4).
1- muscarinic receptor antagonist
2- tertiary amine
3- reversible competitive
4- antispasmodic (GI, bladder), antidote for cholinergic agonists / muscarinic mushrooms, blocks respiratory secretions before surgery
_______ is used as an antispasmodic (GI, bladder), antidote for cholinergic agonists / muscarinic mushrooms, and blocks respiratory secretions before surgery
atropine (reversible competitive muscarinic antagonist)
Scopolamine is (1) type cholinergic drug in the (quaternary ammonium / tertiary amine) form with a (3) MOA. It is used for the following: (4).
1- muscarinic receptor antagonist
2- tertiary amine
3- reversible competitive
4- prevent motion sickness, induce mydriasis/cycloplegia in Dx procedures, blocks short-term memory with anesthetias
_________ is used to prevent motion sickness, induce mydriasis/cycloplegia in diagnostic procedures, and blocks short-term memory (used in anesthetic procedures)
scopolamine (reversible competitive muscarinic antagonist)
Ipratropium and Tiotropium are (1) type cholinergic drugs in the (quaternary ammonium / tertiary amine) form. It is used for the following: (3).
1- muscarinic receptor antagonist
2- quaternary ammonium
3- COPD, asthma attacks
________ is used to treat COPD and asthma attacks
ipratropium, tiotropium (muscarinic antagonist, inhalant)
Homatropine and Tropicamide are (1) type cholinergic drugs in the (quaternary ammonium / tertiary amine) form. It is used for the following: (3).
1- muscarinic receptor antagonist
2- tertiary amine
3- mydriasis in fundoscopy exam
________ is used for mydriasis in fundoscopy exam
homatropine, tropicamide (muscarinic antagonist)
Benzotropine and Trihexyphenidyl are (1) type cholinergic drugs in the (quaternary ammonium / tertiary amine) form. It is used for the following: (3).
1- muscarinic receptor antagonist
2- tertiary amine
3- Parkinson’s disease, reverse extrapyramidal effects of antipsychotic drugs
_________ is used to treat Parkinson’s disease and to reverse extrapyramidal effects of antipsychotics
benzotropine, trihexyphenidyl (muscarinic antagonist)
Glycopyrrolate is (1) type cholinergic drug used for the following: (2).
1- muscarinic antagonist
2- inhibit GI motility (orally), prevent bradycardia during surgical procedures (parenterally)
________ is used to inhibit GI motility and prevent bradycardia during surgical procedures
glycopyrrolate (muscarinic antagonist)
Tolterodine is (1) type cholinergic drug used for the following: (2).
1- muscarinic antagonist
2- overactive bladder Tx
________ is used to treat overactive bladder
tolterodine (muscarinic antagonist)
Hexamethonium and Mecamylamine are (1) type cholinergic drug used for the following: (2).
1- nicotinic antagonists, ganglion blockers
2- hexamethonium used to be used for HTN
________ used to be HTN medicine, but had very little therapeutic effects
hexamethonium (nicotinic antagonist)
Tubocararine is (1) type cholinergic drug used for the following: (2).
1- competitive nicotinic (Nm) antagonist, NMJ non-depolarizing blocker
2- during surgery to relax skeletal muscles
_______ is an adjuvant used in anesthesia to relax skeletal muscles during surgery
tubocararine (competitive nicotinic (Nm) antagonist, NMJ non-depolarizing blocker)
Succinylcholine is (1) type cholinergic drug used for the following: (2).
1- nicotinic (Nn) agonist, NMJ depolarizing blocker
2- rapid endotracheal intubation, ECT
_______ is used for rapid endotracheal intubation and ECT (electro-convulsion therapy)
succinylcholine
________ is a ACh inhibitor used as a research tool
- hemicholinium-3 (ACh synthesis inhibitor via CHT inhibition)
- Vesamicol (ACh storage inhibitor via VChAT inhibition)
(1) blocks ACh synthesis by (2) MOA and is used for (3)
1- hemicholinium-3
2- CHT inhibition
3- research
(1) blocks ACH storage by (2) MOA and is used for (3)
1- vesamicol
2- VChAT inhibition
3- research
(1) inhibits ACh release from pre-synaptic neuron in order to treat (2)
1- botulinum toxin
2- muscle spasm diseases (blepharospasm), facial wrinkles
