(L10) Autacoid Drugs Flashcards
Histamine’s only clinical use is….
as an aerosol, its used for a provacative test of nonspecific bronchial hypersensitivity
Epinephrine is a (1) type drug when it is used to oppose Histamine during (2)
1- physiological antagonist (adrenergic agonist)
2- anaphylactic shock
Cromolyn and Nedocromil are (1) type drugs with a (2) MOA and are used to treat (3)
1- histamine antagonists, release inhibitors
2- reduces mast cell degranulation
3- asthma
_______ antagonizes Histamine by reducing mast cell degranulation
cromolyn, nedocromil
list the 1st generation H1 receptor antagonists
(inverse agonist)
- chlorpheniramine
- cyclizine
- diphenhydramine (benadryl)
- dimenhydrate
- hydroxyzine
- meclizine
- promethazine
list the 2nd generation H1 receptor antagonists
(inverse agonist)
- fexofenadine (allergra)
- loratadine (claritin)
- cetirizine (zyrtec)
compare the uses of 1st and 2nd generation H1 receptor antagonists
(inverse agonists)
1st: allergic rhinitis, urticaria + CNS effects: motion sickness, nausea, somnifacients
2nd: allergic rhinitis, urticaria (no CNS effects)
compare H1 receptor antagonist mechanism to H2 receptor antagonist mechanism
H1- inverse agonist
H2- competitive antagonist
list the H2 receptor antagonists
- cimetidine
- ranitidine
- famotidine
- nizatidine
H2 receptor antagonists are used for…..
- GERD
- peptic ulcers
- acute stress ulcers
for allergies use H(1/2) blocker
for GERD use H(1/2) blocker
1- H1
2- H2
serotonin has the following therapeutic uses…..
none- half life is too short
Sumatriptan (triptans) is (are) (1) type drugs with a (2) MOA and are used for (3)
1- serotonin agonists
2- 5-HT-1b/1d receptor agonist
3- migraines
______ are the first line drugs used for acute migraine management
triptans / sumatriptan (5-HT-1b/1d agonists)
Metoclopramide and Cisapride are (1) type drugs with a (2) MOA and are used for (3)
1- serotonin agonists
2- 5-HT-4 receptor agonists
3- GERD- enhances GI motility / stomach emptying
______ is used to treat GERD by enhancing GI motility which will speed up gastric emptying
metoclopramide, cisapride (5-HT-4 agonists)
Cyproheptadine is a (1) type drug with a (2) MOA and is used for (3)
1- serotonin antagonist
2- 5-HT-2 receptor antagonist
3- allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, management of serotonin syndrome (too much 5-HT)
______ is used to treat serotonin syndrome, and allergic / vasomotor rhinitis
cyproheptadine (5-HT-2 antagonist)
Ondansetron is a (1) type drug with a (2) MOA and is used for (3)
(zofran)
1- serotonin antagonist
2- 5-HT-3 receptor antagonist
3- anti-emetic for severe n/v in chemotherapy
_______ is the anti-emetic used to treat the severe nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy
ondansetron / zofran (5-HT-3 antagonist)
list the Ergot Alkaloids (from mushrooms)
- ergotamine, dihydroergotamine
- bromocriptine, cabergoline
- ergonovine, methylergonovine
list the general mechanisms of action Ergot Alkaloids have
- agonist, partial agonist, antagonist for α-adrenergic and 5-HT receptors
- agonist, partial agonist for CNS DA receptors
______ ergot alkaloids treat migraines
ergotamine, dihydroergotamine
______ ergot alkaloids treat hyperprolactinemia
bromocriptine, cabergoline
______ ergot alkaloids treat postpartum hemorrhage (include the preferred agent)
ergonovine, methylergonovine
oxytocin is the preferred agent
______ can be used to diagnose variant angina
ergonovine (ergot alkaloid)- causes coronary artery spasm
Misoprostol is a (1) type drug used to treat (2)
1- PG-E1 analog
2- prevent peptic ulcers (Pts taking high NSAID doses), ripen cervix at or near term, postpartum hemorrhage management
Dinoprostone is a (1) type drug used to treat (2)
1- PG-E2
2- ripen (dilate) cervix at or near term
______ is used to ripen / dilate the cervix at or near term
- Misoprostol (PG-E1 analog, has other functions, also used in combination as abortion inducer)
- Dinoprostone (PG-E2, an abortifacient)
Alprostadil is a (1) type drug used to treat (2)
1- PG-E1
2- maintain PDA, impotence
(NOTE- indomethacin is an NSAID used to close PDA)
______ is used to maintain PDA and to treat impotence
alprostadil (PG-E1)
Epoprostenol is a (1) type drug used to treat (2)
1- PG-I2
2- severe pulmonary HTN, prevent platelet aggregation in dialysis
______ is used to treat severe pulmonary HTN and to prevent platelet aggregation in dialysis
epoprostenol (PG-I2)
Latanoprost is a (1) type drug used to treat (2)
1- PG-F2α derivative
2- glaucoma (enhances aqueous humor drainage)
______ is an eicosanoid used to treat glaucoma
latanoprost (PG-F2α derivative)- enhances aqueous humor drainage
zileuton functions to…..
inhibit LT pathway as 5-lypooxygenase inhibitor
zafirlukast and montelukast functions to…..
inhibit LT pathway as LT-D4 antagonists
glucocorticoids, in terms of eicosanoids, function to…..
- inhibits PLA2 –> blocking arachidonic acid release
- inhibits COX-2
NSAIDs are inhibitors of (1) and have (2) effects
1- COX-1, COX-2, or both
2- anti-pyretic (fever reducer), analgesic, anti-inflammatory
