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Oral Surgery > L2 - Head & Neck Exam > Flashcards

L2 - Head & Neck Exam Flashcards

1
Q

head area

A

occiput to hairline

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2
Q

head exam

components and characteristics

A

hair
- color, texture, distribution, quantity, ant pattern loss

look at scalp
- lumps or lesions

skull
- generalized size and contour

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3
Q

the face

- what to note

A

note facial expression and contours

note assymetry, involuntary movements, edema and masses

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4
Q

the skin

- what to note

A

note color, pigmentation, texture, thicness, hair distribution, and lesions

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5
Q

nose

- what to note

A 
asymmetry 
septum
turbinates 
polyps
assess pranasal sinuses 
smell
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6
Q

nose

- what to note

A 
asymmetry 
septum
turbinates 
polyps
assess pranasal sinuses 
smell
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7
Q

implication of nose following the septum

A

may indicate any septation or not

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8
Q

implication of nose following the septum

A

may indicate any septation or not

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9
Q

describe upper third of nose

A

supported by bone

the lower 2/3rds is supported by cartialge

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10
Q

below the turbinates?

A

is a groove, or meauts, each is named according to the turbinate above them

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11
Q

below the turbinates?

A

is a groove, or meauts, each is named according to the turbinate above them

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12
Q

two sinuses to examine

A

frontla and maxillary is what we should focus on

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13
Q

two sinuses to examine

A

frontla and maxillary is what we should focus on

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14
Q

acute sinusitis

A

localized tenderness, along with pain, fever, and nasal discharge may suggest sinusitis

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15
Q

acute sinusitis

A

localized tenderness, along with pain, fever, and nasal discharge may suggest sinusitis

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16
Q

what to note on the face skin

A

tecture, pigmentation, lesions

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17
Q

what to note on the eyes

- examine?

A 
visual acuity and visual fields
eyelids
lacrimal apparuatus 
conjunctiva, sclera, pupils
extraocular muscle movement
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18
Q

what to note on the face skin

A

texture, pigmentation, lesions

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19
Q

skeletal structures to examine

A

facial bones and TMK

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20
Q

facial bones look for

A

fractures and asymmetry

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21
Q

TMJ examine?

A

range of motion (40-50 mm)

click/ pop?

dislocation?

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22
Q

main things to look out in oral examination

- mouth/ oropharynx

A
  1. lips
  2. tongue
  3. palate
  4. floor of mouth
  5. buccal mucosa
  6. buccal vestibule
  7. Teeth
    - suggests always doing this last
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23
Q

lips look

A

observe color, moisture, any lumps, ulcers, or cracking

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24
Q

oral mucosa note

A

color, ulcers, white patches, and nodules

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25
Q

gingiva note

A

color, pigmentation, ulcerations

26
Q

face consists of what (dimensional)

A

hairline to mandible

27
Q

neck consists of (dimensional)

A

mandible to clavicle

28
Q

fine hair seen in? thick?

A

fine hair – hyperthyroidism

thick – hypothyroidism

29
Q

nits

A

tiny ovoid granules that adhere to hairs may be nits

30
Q

signs of seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis

A

redness and scaling on the scalp

31
Q

pilar cysts

A

soft lumps on scalp

32
Q

hydrocephalus?

A

enlarged skull may signify this or Paget’s disease of bone

33
Q

signs of potential head trauma

A

palpable tenderness or step-offs

34
Q

air enters nasal cavity by? then goes?

A

by the anterior naris – then passes into a widened area known as the vestibule and on through the narrow nasal passage to the nasopharynx

35
Q

nasal septum covered with

A

mucous member

36
Q

vestibule lined with?

A

hair-beeding skin NOT mucosa

37
Q

laterally in the nasal cavity

A

turbinates are present

38
Q

covering turbinates

A

highly vascular mucous membrane that protrude into the nasal cavity
the SA provided by the turbinates and the mucosal covering them help provide
- cleansing
- humidification
- temperature control of inspired air

39
Q

draining into the inferior meatus *

A

nasolacrimal duct

40
Q

draining into the middle meatus?*

A

most of the paranasal sinuses

41
Q

nasal polyps

A

pale sacklike growths of inflamed tissue that can obstruct the air passages or sinuses

42
Q

conditions conducive to polyps

A
  • allergic rhinitis
  • aspirin sensitivity
  • asthma
  • chronic sinus infection
  • cystic fibrosis
43
Q

pharynx examine?

A

symmetry, exudate?, swelling, ulceration, or tonsillar enlargement

palpate areas that are suspicious for evidence of induration or tenderness

44
Q

common abnormalities

A
  1. malocclusion
  2. dentofacial deformities
  3. trauma
  4. masses
  5. pigmented lesions
  6. ulcers
45
Q

common lesions on palate

A
  1. salivary gland pathology
  2. kaposi’s sarcoma (HIV pt’s) – darker
  3. traumatic ulcers
  4. torus
46
Q

common swellings associated with the lips

A
  1. fibroma
  2. lymphangioma
  3. hemangioma
  4. mucocele
47
Q

sensory disturbances in tongue originate what nerve

A

V and IX

48
Q

taste problems - what nerves

A

VII and IX

49
Q

common swellings on tongue

A
  1. hemangioma
  2. lymphangioma
  3. malignancy
50
Q

Ranula

A

sublingual gland lesions - associated with floor of the mouth

51
Q

whartons duct location? if pathology?

A

floor of mouth – can cause submandibular gland obstruction

52
Q

buccal mucosa note?

A 
a lot! 
check for any lesions 
- leukoplakic lesions
- CA in-situ 
- malignancy
- hyperkaratosis
53
Q

wickham’s striae aka

A

lichen plaus

- buccal mucosa

54
Q

stenson’s duct lesion where

A

parotid lesion– look on buccal mucosa

55
Q

what to check in the buccal vestibule

A
  1. alveolar ridge height/ width
  2. frenum
  3. buccal / vestibular infections of odontogenic origin
56
Q

when you find a swelling what do you note (6 aspects)

A
  1. size and shape
  2. tenderness
  3. consistency / texture
  4. fixation to structures
  5. rate of growth
  6. color/ pigmentation
57
Q

charactieristics of inflammatory swelling

A
  1. short duration
  2. tender
  3. erythematous
  4. movable

try to localize source

58
Q

characteristics of neoplastic swellings

A
  1. longer duration
  2. rate of growth (benign vs. malignant)
  3. fixed
  4. tender or non-tender
59
Q

what to note when see an ulcer

A
  1. size
  2. shapre
  3. margins
    - rolled, inverted, everted, etc

etiology if known

60
Q

what to look at on neck exam

A
  1. lymph
  2. cervical spine
  3. range of motion
  4. trachea
  5. thyroid gland
  6. carotid pulse
61
Q

lymph node examination

- note?

A
  1. size
  2. location
  3. texture
  4. tenderness
  5. movable vs fixed
62
Q

true or false focus on CC with exam

A

no

Oral Surgery (26 decks)

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