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Oral Surgery > L1 - Infection Control > Flashcards

L1 - Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

Communicable pathogenic organisms

A
  1. bacteria
  2. viral organisms
  3. mycobacterial organisms
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2
Q

bacteria encompases

A
  1. upper respiratory tract flora
  2. maxillo-facial skin flora
  3. non-maxillofacial flora
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3
Q

what consists of normal oral flora in upper respiratory tract

A

aerobic, gram + cocci, actinomycetes, anaerobic bacteria, and candidal species

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4
Q

total # of organisms is usually held in check by

A
  1. rapid epithelial turnover with dequamation
  2. host immunological factors
  3. dilution by salivary flow
  4. competition between oral organisms for available nutrients and attachment sites
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5
Q

nose and paranasal sinuses consist mainly of

A

gram + aerobic streptococci and anaeorbes

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6
Q

normal flora is limied by

A

presence of ciliated respiratory epithelium, secretory immunoglobulins, and epithelial desquamation

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7
Q

children may harbor____

adults have ___

A

children may harbor Haemophilus influenzae

adults have staphylococcus aureus

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8
Q

maxillofacial skin flora (predominant species)

A

staph epidermis and cornyebackterium diphtheriae are the predominate species

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9
Q

responsible for most infectious hepatitis

A

Hepatitis viruses A,B, C and D

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10
Q

Hep A spread by

A

contact with deces of infected individuals

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11
Q

Hep C spread by

A

feces or contaminatted blood

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12
Q

Hep B and D spread by

A

contact with any human secretions

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13
Q

Hep B and D spread by

A

contact with any human secretions

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14
Q

inactive hepatitis virus by

A

halogen- containing disinfectants, formaldehyde, ethylne oxide gas, all types of propeerly performed heat sterilization, and irradiation

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15
Q

hepatisi resistant to

A

desiccation and chemical disinfectants

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16
Q

HIV loses its infectivty by desication?

A

TRUE (unlike hepatitis)

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17
Q

universal precautions

  • general over-view
  • why developed
A
  1. developed to address the inability of health care providers to specifically identify all patients with communicable diseases
  2. based on protection of self, staff, and patient from contamination by using barrier techniques when treating all patients as if they all had communicable disease
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18
Q

universal precuations includes

A

all doctor and staff who come in contat with patient blood or secretions, whether directly or in aerosol form

wear barrier devices : face mask, eye protetion, and gloves

also includes decontaminating or disposiong of all surfaces that are exposed to patient blood, tissue, or secretions

avoid contaimination objects / surfaces with contaminated gloves or instruments

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19
Q

transmission of mycobacterial

A

priamrily thtough exhaled aersols that carry M tuberculosis bacilli from the infected lungs of an individual

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20
Q

asepsis

A

refers to the avoidance of sepsis

21
Q

medical asepsis

A

the attempt to keep patients, health care staff, and objects as free as possible of agents that cause infection

22
Q

surgical asepsis

A

the attempt to prevent microbes from gaining access to traumatic surgically created wounds

23
Q

antiseptic and disinfectant

A

prevent the multiplication of organisms capable of causing an infections

antiseptics are applied to living tissues and disinfectants are designed for use on inanimate obects

24
Q

sterility

A

freedom from viable forms of micro-organisms

25
Q

sanitization

A

reduction of the number of viable microorgansims to levels judged safe by public health standards

26
Q

decontamination

A

similar to sanitization

27
Q

physical methods of reducing the number of viable organisms

A
  1. heat
  2. mechanical dislodgement
  3. radiation
28
Q

chemical methods of reducing the number of viable organisms

A
  1. antiseptics
  2. disinfectants
  3. ethylene oxide gas
29
Q

what is most resistant to elimnation

A

bacterial ENDOSPORES

30
Q

techniques of instrument sterilization

A

with heat

  • dry heat
  • moist heat

gaseous sterilizaton

31
Q

advantage and disavantage of using dry heat

A

advantage
- relative ease of use and the unliklihood of damaging heat resistant instruments

disadvantage
- the time necessary and the potential damage to heat-sensative equipment

32
Q

more effective moist or dry heat?

A

moist heat - because it is effective at much lower temperatures and requires less time

33
Q

advantages and disadvnatages of moist heat

A

advantage
- its effectiveness, speed, and the relative availability of office propportioned auto-claving

disadvantage
- tendency of moist heat to dull and rust instruments and the cost of autoclaves

34
Q

how long until you have to re-sterilize

A

6 months after – the possibility of organisms entering sterilization bags increases

all sterilization items should be labeled with an expiration date that is no longer than 6-12 months

35
Q 
duration of treatment or exposure when using dry heat at 121/ 250 f
140/285?
150/300
160/320
170/340
A

6-12 hours for 121/ 250

3 hours

2 1/2

2

1

36
Q

steam for 60 minutes at what temp?

A

116 / 240 F

- notice lower heat in steam

37
Q

gaseous sterilization does what?

A

destroys enzymes and other vital biochemical structures

38
Q

gaseous sterilization uses? what temp and how long?

A

ethylene oxide at 50 degrees C for 3 hours

39
Q

gaseous sterilization advantages and disadvantages?

A

advantages
- for sterilizing porous material, large equipment, and material sensitive to heat and moisture

disadvantages
- need special equipment and the length of sterilization and aeration time

40
Q

aeration requirements for gaseous sterilzation? why?

A

because ethylene oxide is highly toxic to animal tissue - equipment exposed must be aerated for 8-12 hours at 50 degrees C to 60 degrees C or ambient temperatures for 4-7 days

41
Q

chemical disinfectants

A

classified by the level of biocidal activity of low, medium, and high

42
Q

use of quarternary compounds?

A

NOT recommended for use in dentistry because they are NOT effective against hepatitis B virus and become inactivated by soap and anionic agents

43
Q

surgical field maintenance

A

the goal is to prevent any organism from the surgical staff or other patients from entering the patietns wound

44
Q

breakdown of surgical staff preparation

A
  1. hand and arm preparation
  2. clean technique
  3. sterile technique
45
Q

irrigation of wound

A

only sterile water or sterile saline should be used to irrigate open wounds

46
Q

post-surgical asepsis wound management

A

only dress wounds with clean gloves

47
Q

post surgical asepsis sharps management

A

sharps injuries can be prevented by using the local anesthetic needle to scoop up the sheath after use, taking care never to apply or remove a blade from a scalpel handle without an instrument, and disposing of used blades, needles, and other sharp disiposable items into rigid, well-marked receptacles for contaminated sharp obects

48
Q

normal flora in upper respiratory tract is limited by what? NOT by?

A

NOT by salivary flow but

  • presence of ciliated respiratory epithelium
  • secretory immunoglobulins
  • epithelial desquamation

Oral Surgery (26 decks)

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