L2 - Development of the GI Tract and GI Organs I

Question 1

What causes duodenal atresia?

Answer 1

Complete failure of recanalization

Question 2

What primordial structure will become the foregut? The midgut? The hindgut?

Answer 2

Foregut - mouth fold
Midgut - umbilical vesicle
Hindgut - tail fold

Question 3

What are the two diagnostic methods for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

Answer 3

1) ultrasound

2) barium swallow

Question 4

Is the vomitus in duodenal stenosis bile-stained or not?

Answer 4

It is usualy bile-stained

Question 5

The accessory pancreatic duct is a remnant of what?

Answer 5

Dorsal pancreatic duct

Question 6

What causes duodenal stenosis?

Answer 6

Incomplete failure of recanalization

Question 7

What are three signs/symptoms of duodenal atresia?

Answer 7

1) double bubble sign on US/XR
2) vomiting begins immediately after birth
3) polyhydramnios

Question 8

Where does the arterial supply from the inferior mesenteric artery stop?

Answer 8

The pectinate line of the anal canal

Question 9

What separates the structures of the foregut and midgut? The midgut and the hindgut?

Answer 9

Foregut is separated from the midgut by the major duodenal papilla. The midgut transitions to the hindgut 2/3rds down the tranverse colon.

Question 10

What causes stenosis of the alimentary canal? Atresia?

Answer 10

Stenosis - partial failure of recanalization

Atresia - complete failure of recanalization

Question 11

What usually is a factor in the development of an annular pancreas?

Answer 11

bifid ventral pancreatic bud

Question 12

Which vagal trunk is on the anterior surface of the stomach? On the posterior surface?

Answer 12

Left –> anterior vagal trunk

Right –> posterior vagal trunk

Question 13

How does lymph flow in the GI tract?

Answer 13

According to arterial supply

Question 14

Why is the greater curvature curved more than the lesser curvature?

Answer 14

Because the greater curvature grows more than the lesser curvature

Question 15

What connects the midgut to the yolk sac?

Answer 15

Omphaloenteric duct

Question 16

The stomach’s opening to the esophagus is called what? What is the stomach’s opening to the small intestine called?

Answer 16

1) cardia

2) pylorus

Question 17

When the liver develops what embryological structure does it extend into?

Answer 17

Septum transversum

Question 18

When does the stomach start to differentiate? What does it start as?

Answer 18

1) fourth week

2) midline fusiform dilatation

Question 19

What are the two main physical exam findings for someone with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

Answer 19

1) olive-shaped mass subcostally

2) visible gastric peristaltic wave going left to right

Question 20

The stomach is attached to the dorsal wall via what?

Answer 20

dorsal mesogastrium

Question 21

What type of vomiting is found in congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

Answer 21

non-bile stained, projectile vomiting

Question 22

What are the four parts of the pancreas?

Answer 22

1) neck
2) body
3) tail
4) uncinate process/head

Question 23

Is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis more common in males or females?

Answer 23

males

Question 24

The ventral mesentery forms which two ligaments?

Answer 24

1) hepatogastric ligament

2) falciform ligament

Question 25

What is the spleen derived from?

Answer 25

Mesenchymal cells btwn the layers of the mesogastrium

Question 26

How does the pancreas develop?

Answer 26

Two pancreatic buds develop, ventral and dorsal buds. Buds fuse when duodenum rotates to the right

Question 27

The anterior surface of the primordial stomach becomes which curvature? The posterior surface?

Answer 27

Anterior - lesser

Posterior - greater

Question 28

What can an annular pancreas cause?

Answer 28

Duodenal obstruction

Question 29

Where does the hepatic diverticulum develop? Which gut? When?

Answer 29

1) caudal part of the foregut

2) 4th week of development

Question 30

Which pancreatic bud develops first?

Answer 30

Dorsal then ventral

Question 31

By what time does recanalization of the GI tract occur?

Answer 31

10th week

Question 32

When does hypertrophic pyloric stenosis usually show?

Answer 32

may start as early as three weeks and up to five months after birth