L2 - Development of the GI Tract and GI Organs I Flashcards
Feb. 5, 2019
What causes duodenal atresia?
Complete failure of recanalization
What primordial structure will become the foregut? The midgut? The hindgut?
Foregut - mouth fold
Midgut - umbilical vesicle
Hindgut - tail fold
What are the two diagnostic methods for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
1) ultrasound
2) barium swallow
Is the vomitus in duodenal stenosis bile-stained or not?
It is usualy bile-stained
The accessory pancreatic duct is a remnant of what?
Dorsal pancreatic duct
What causes duodenal stenosis?
Incomplete failure of recanalization
What are three signs/symptoms of duodenal atresia?
1) double bubble sign on US/XR
2) vomiting begins immediately after birth
3) polyhydramnios
Where does the arterial supply from the inferior mesenteric artery stop?
The pectinate line of the anal canal
What separates the structures of the foregut and midgut? The midgut and the hindgut?
Foregut is separated from the midgut by the major duodenal papilla. The midgut transitions to the hindgut 2/3rds down the tranverse colon.
What causes stenosis of the alimentary canal? Atresia?
Stenosis - partial failure of recanalization
Atresia - complete failure of recanalization
What usually is a factor in the development of an annular pancreas?
bifid ventral pancreatic bud
Which vagal trunk is on the anterior surface of the stomach? On the posterior surface?
Left –> anterior vagal trunk
Right –> posterior vagal trunk
How does lymph flow in the GI tract?
According to arterial supply
Why is the greater curvature curved more than the lesser curvature?
Because the greater curvature grows more than the lesser curvature
What connects the midgut to the yolk sac?
Omphaloenteric duct
The stomach’s opening to the esophagus is called what? What is the stomach’s opening to the small intestine called?
1) cardia
2) pylorus
When the liver develops what embryological structure does it extend into?
Septum transversum
When does the stomach start to differentiate? What does it start as?
1) fourth week
2) midline fusiform dilatation
What are the two main physical exam findings for someone with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
1) olive-shaped mass subcostally
2) visible gastric peristaltic wave going left to right
The stomach is attached to the dorsal wall via what?
dorsal mesogastrium
What type of vomiting is found in congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
non-bile stained, projectile vomiting
What are the four parts of the pancreas?
1) neck
2) body
3) tail
4) uncinate process/head
Is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis more common in males or females?
males
The ventral mesentery forms which two ligaments?
1) hepatogastric ligament
2) falciform ligament
What is the spleen derived from?
Mesenchymal cells btwn the layers of the mesogastrium
How does the pancreas develop?
Two pancreatic buds develop, ventral and dorsal buds. Buds fuse when duodenum rotates to the right
The anterior surface of the primordial stomach becomes which curvature? The posterior surface?
Anterior - lesser
Posterior - greater
What can an annular pancreas cause?
Duodenal obstruction
Where does the hepatic diverticulum develop? Which gut? When?
1) caudal part of the foregut
2) 4th week of development
Which pancreatic bud develops first?
Dorsal then ventral
By what time does recanalization of the GI tract occur?
10th week
When does hypertrophic pyloric stenosis usually show?
may start as early as three weeks and up to five months after birth
