L2 - Cartilage Histology - Articulate H Flashcards
Connective tissues are made up of what two general things? Which of the two is the major component?
- Cells
- Extracellular matrix
- ECM = major component
Extracellular matrix is composed of what two things that are secreted from the cells?
- Protein fibers
2. Ground substance
What 3 things make up protein fibers?
- Collagen fibers
- Reticular fibers
- Elastic fibers
What 3 things make up the unstructured hydrophilic ground substance?
- Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
- Proteoglycans
- Multiadhesive glycoproteins
What tissue gives rise to connective tissues? What is this tissues made of?
- Mesenchyme
2. Mesenchymal stem cells
What type of cell can give rise to endothelium, lipoblasts, fibroblasts, hematopoietic stem cells, mesothelium, osteoblasts, and chondroblasts?
Mesenchymal stem cells
What two cells are associated with cartilage and what are their roles?
Chondroblasts - Secrete ECM Chondrocytes -Secrete and maintain ECM
- What percentage of cartilage is ECM?
2. What is the ECM rich in? 3. What is the function?
- 95% volume
- Rich in GAG’s and proteoglycans
- Resilient to mechanical forces
What is the dense connective tissue that covers most cartilage?
Perichondrium
Cartilage has or doesn’t have blood vessels?
Doesn’t
_____ growth - by addition of new ECM to the existing surface - new chondroblasts
Appositional growth
_____ growth - by internal expansion; proliferation of chondrocytes and formation of isogeneous groups
Interstitial growth
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
- Hyaline cartilage
- Elastic cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
The most common type of cartilage in the human body is?
Hyaline cartilage
_____ cartilage’s ECM is largely made of water; it is found in the nose, larynx, and fetal bone models; it has perichondrium present; and appears bluish-white and translucent with basophilic staining.
Hyaline cartilage
Which type of cartilage is known as a shock absorber?
Hyaline cartilage
In the perichondrium chondrogenic cells can develop into what?
Chondroblasts
Chondroblasts will build and build until they surround themselves and get stuck in a ______. Once in the _______ they are termed chondrocytes?
Lacuna
Clustered chondrocytes that are found in their lacuna are called what?
Isogenic clusters
Which layer of hyaline cartilage is found to be acidophilic or eosinophilic?
Perichondrium
Which layer of hyaline cartilage contains chondrogenic cells that produce chondroblasts?
Perichondrium
Which layer of hyaline cartilage houses chondroblasts which synthesize and secrete ECM?
Growing cartilage
Once chondroblasts get stuck in a lacuna and are completely surrounded by ECM they change their name to what?
Chondrocytes
Which layer houses chondrocytes that secrete additional matrix via interstitial growth?
Existing cartilage
There are two types of matrix what are they?
- Territorial matrix
2. Interterritorial matrix
Which type of matrix surrounds each chondrocyte and isogenous group and is rich in GAGs?
Territorial matrix
Which type of matrix is further away from each chondrocyte and isogenous group which is collagen abundant?
interterritorial matrix
Chondrocytes undergo what kind of growth giving rise to isogenous groups?
mitosis
_____ cartilage is made up largely of water plus elastic fibers; is found composing parts of the ear and epiglottis; has a perichondrium present; and appears yellowish in color with elastic fibers prominent throughout.
Elastic cartilage
Which type of cartilage has a higher ratio of chondrocytes to matrix? Hyaline or Elastic?
Elastic cartilage
Which type of cartilage has fewer isogenous groups? Hyaline or Elastic?
Elastic
In a staining image of elastic cartilage what will you find running between each associated chondrocyte that is in it’s lacunae?
Elastic networks
As we age our elastic cartilage shrinks and is partially replaced by what?
White adipose tissue
_____ cartilage has an ECM made of mostly type I & II collagen fibers and less proteoglycans than other cartilages?
Fibrocartilage
_____ cartilage is found in intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and major tendon-bone anchorages
Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage is missing one major component which the other two have?
Perichondrium
______ cartilage appears more acidophilic, has long rows of chondrocytes separated by collagen fibers.
Fibrocartilage
Which type of cartilage would we find where there are a lot of pulling forces as well as compression forces?
Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage is a good intermediate of _____ cartilage and _____ connective tissue
Hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue
How can you tell the difference between dense regular CT and Fibrocartilage on a staining?
- Fibrocartilage has chondrocytes in their lacunae
2. Type I collagen in stress lines
Cartilage is considered a connective tissue because it is derived from ______ and is composed of cells within an ________ _______.
Mesenchyme,
Extracellular matrix
The differences in the _____ ______ make the 3 types of cartilage stand out from one another.
Extracellular matrix
