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My Anatomy Unit 3 Histo > L1 - Integumentary System - Articulate H > Flashcards

L1 - Integumentary System - Articulate H Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major components of the integumentary system?

A
  1. Skin

2. Epidermal Derivatives

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2
Q

What 4 things make up the epidermal derivatives?

A
  1. Hair follicles
  2. Sweat (sudoriferous) glands
  3. Sebaceous (oil) glands
  4. Nails
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3
Q

What are the 6 listed major functions of the skin?

A
  1. Protective
  2. Immunologic
  3. Homeostasis
  4. Sensory
  5. Endocrine
  6. Exocrine
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4
Q

Which function of skin fits the role of fighting against mechanical forces, chemicals, and biological agents?

A

Protective role of skin

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5
Q

Which function of skin fits the role of providing antigen preventing cells?

A

Immunologic role of skin

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6
Q

Which function of skin fits the role of regulating body temperature and water loss?

A

Homeostatic role of the skin

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7
Q

Which function of skin fits the role of taking signals from the external environment to the CNS?

A

Sensory role of the skin

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8
Q

Which functions of skin fits the role of using secretion of molecules and the excretion of substances?

A

Endocrine and exocrine roles of the skin

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9
Q

The two principal layers of the skin are?

A
  1. Epidermis

2. Dermis

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10
Q
  1. Which principal layer of the skin is the most superficial?
  2. Which principle layer of skin is the most deep?
A
  1. Epidermis

2. Dermis

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11
Q

What layer lies deep to the dermis?

A

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer or fascia)

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12
Q

What type of tissue layer is the epidermis?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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13
Q
  1. What is the epidermis embryologically derived from?

2. What is the Dermis embryologically derived from?

A
  1. Ectoderm

2. Mesoderm

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14
Q

Which layer of skin acts as a connective tissue?

A

Dermis

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15
Q

Which layer of skin consists of adipose tissue?

A

Hypodermis

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16
Q
  1. Which layer of skin is Highly vascularized?
  2. Which layer of skin is vascularized?
  3. Which layer of skin is avascular?
A
  1. Dermis
  2. Hypodermis
  3. Epidermis
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17
Q

What are the two regions of the body we would find thicker layers of skin?

A
  1. The palms of the hands

2. The soles of the feet

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18
Q

Skin that doesn’t normally grow hair and undergoes the most abrasions known as thick or thin skin?

A

Thick

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19
Q

What regions of the body would you find thin layers of skin?

A

Everywhere except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

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20
Q

Areas that may contain hair are found typically in ____ skin regions.

A

Thin

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21
Q

Speaking in gross anatomical terms where would we find the thickest layer of skin?

A

On the upper portion of the back because of the thick dermis (the epidermis is still however only 4 layers thick)

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22
Q
  1. How many layers or strata in thin epidermal skin?

2. How many layers or strata in thick epidermal skin?

A
  1. 4 layers

2. 5 layers

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23
Q

What are the 4 or 5 layers of skin from deep to superficial?

A
  1. Stratum Basale
  2. Stratum Spinosum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. (Thin) Stratum Corneum
  5. (Thick) Stratum Lucidum
  6. (Thick) Stratum Corneum
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24
Q
  1. Which of the epidermal layers gives rise to mitotically active stem cells?
A

Stratum Basale

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25
Q

What are the 4 types of cells found within the epidermis?

A
  1. Keratinocytes
  2. Melanocytes
  3. Langerhan’s Cells
  4. Merkel’s Cells
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26
Q
  1. Keratinocytes make up what percent of the cells of the epidermis?
  2. What are the 2 major functions?
A
  1. 85%

2. Produce keratins and participate in forming a water barrier

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27
Q

What percent of epidermal cells are melanocytes and what do they do?

A
  1. 5%

2. Pigment producing cells

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28
Q

What are the antigen-presenting cells called? what percentage of the epidermis are they?

A
  1. Langerhan’s cells

2. 2-5%

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29
Q

What cells act as mechanoreceptors associated with sensory and nerve endings? What percent of epidermal cells do they make up?

A
  1. Merkel’s Cells

2. 6-10%

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30
Q

What is the considered the principle cell type of the epidermis?

A

Keratinocyte

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31
Q

What are the two major functions of Keratinocytes?

A
  1. They produce keratin which make up keratin filaments which make up intermediate filaments
  2. They participate in formation of water barriers using lamellar bodies
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32
Q

What are the tubular / ovoid shaped membrane-bound organelles which are lipid- containing?

A

Lamellar bodies

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33
Q

Which epidermal layer is a single layer of basophilic cells that are cuboidal / low columnar?

A

Stratum Basale

34
Q

Which epidermal layer is mitotically active, contains stem cells, and gives rise to keratinocytes to start the formation of intermediate filaments)

A

Stratum Basale

35
Q
  1. Which epidermal layer is several layers thick with pointy keratinocytes that continue the formation of intermediate filaments?
  2. These cell processes also attach to adjacent cells via _______
A
  1. Stratum Spinosum

2. Desmosomes (macula adherans)

36
Q

Keratohyalin granules turn tonofillaments (intermediate fillaments) into what?

A

Into tonofibrils or intermediate fibrils

37
Q

Which epidermal layer is comprised of 1-3 layers with basophilic keratohalin granules? This layer also release lamellar bodies.

A

Stratum Granulosum

38
Q

During keratinization _____ cells are converted into _______ cells?

A

Granular cells —> Cornified cells

39
Q

What layer of epidermis is eosinophilic and slightly translucent due to the nucleus being disrupted and disappearing.

A

Stratum Lucidum

40
Q

Which layer of epidermis is comprised of cells with no nuclei, these cells are comprised of 85% keratin

A

Stratum Corneum

41
Q

Melanin is produced where and stored where?

A

Produce in melanocytes and stored in melanosomes

42
Q

Melanocytes have round bodies and long processes that extend from stratum _____ to stratum ______ between keratinocytes.

A

Stratum basale –> stratum spinous

43
Q

Melanin containing melanocytes are transferred to adjacent _______.

A

Keratinocytes

44
Q

What acts to protect the DNA from UVU radiation?

45
Q

______ possess elongated nuclei surrounded by clear cytoplasm?

A

Melanocytes

46
Q

____ Cells are the antigen-presenting cells that are found within the stratum _______.

A

Langerhan’s cells, stratum spinosum

47
Q

Langerhan’s cells are derived where?

A

Bone marrow

48
Q

_____ Cells are mechanoreceptor cells that are located within the stratum ______

A

Merkel’s cells, stratum basale

49
Q

A nuron and a Merkel cell that have joined together are called what? This picks up fine touch.

A

Merkel’s corpuscle

50
Q

There are __ types of skin cancer, what are their names?

A
  1. Basal Cell Carcinoma
  2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  3. Malignant Melanoma
51
Q

What cancerous cell is the most common, resembles stratum basal, and is slow growing?

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

52
Q

What cancerous cell type is the second most common, highly atypical, and found in all levels of the epidermis?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

53
Q

What cancerous cell type is the most serious form, originates from melanocytes, and is present in irregularly pigments?

A

Malignant Melanoma

54
Q

The dermis has ___ layers what are they?

A
  1. Papillary layer

2. Reticular layer

55
Q

What layer of the dermis is loose connective tissue with fingerlike protrusions that delve into the epidermis?

A

Papillary layer

56
Q

What layer of dermis is the dense irregular connective tissue that is thick and has few cells?

A

Reticular layer

57
Q

In the dermis and hypodermic we find large ovoid structures that have myelinated nerve endings surrounded by concentric lamellae. What are they called?

A

Pacinian corpuscles

58
Q

In the core of pacinian corpuscles we find what kind of cells and what are they surrounding?

A

Flattened Schwann cells surrounding unmyelinated axons.

59
Q

_____ _____ detect pressure and vibrations on the skins surface?

A

Pacinian corpuscles

60
Q

These tapered cylindrical structures that detect light touch are called?

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

61
Q

______ ______ are located in dermal papillae of hairless skin such as fingertips and lips.

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

62
Q

Epidermal skin appendages include what 4 things in the skins surface?

A
  1. Hair and hair follicles
  2. Eccrine sweat (sudoriferous) glands
  3. Apocrine sweat (sudoriferous) glands
  4. sebaceous (oil) glands
63
Q

Hair is found in what type of skin layer? Thick or thin? where else would you NOT find hair?

A

Thin, you would not find it on lips, or around the urogenital orifice’s.

64
Q

Hair is made of what?

A

keratinized structures that project from hair follicles

65
Q

What muscle causes the hair to stand up or lay down (goosebumps) What kind of muscle is it?

A

Arrector pili muscle, smooth muscle

66
Q

_____ are widely distributed, simple tubular, merocrine secreting, thermoregulating, and waste/salt secreting glands.

A

Eccrine Sweat (sudoriferous)

67
Q

The secretory portion of the eccrine sweat gland is found where?

A

Deep in the dermis or in the upper portion of the hypodermis

68
Q

Characteristics of the secretory portions of eccrine sweat glands.

A

2 layers of large cells that appear lighter in the dermis

69
Q

Characteristics of the duct portion of eccrine sweat glands.

A

2 layers of small cuboidal cells that appear darker in the dermis near the epidermis

70
Q

____ sweat glands have products that are secreted into hair follicles? These arise when you hit puberty, and have very wide lumens.

A

Apocrine sweat glands

71
Q

Characteristics of the secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands

A

Very wide lumen, simple cuboidal, upper part of hypodermis

72
Q

Characteristics of the duct portion of the apocrine sweat glands

A

Stratified cuboidal, narrow lumen, empties into follicle (not surface)

73
Q

Which glands are found through most of the body?

74
Q

Which glands are found near groin, areolae, beard, face, and genitalia?

75
Q

Which gland’s secretory portion is located in the deep dermis and duct portion is located at the surface of the epithelium?

76
Q

Which gland’s secretory portion is located in the hypodermis and duct portion is located at hair follicles?

77
Q

Which glands regulate body temperature and which glands are stimulated during emotional stress or sexual excitement?

A

Eccrine - Temp

Apocrine - stress and sex

78
Q

Which glands are found every where except thick skin, branch acinar glands, and have Holocrine secretion?

A

Sebaceous (oil) glands

79
Q

Which glands secrete into hair follicles, play a role in acne, and secrete a liquid lipid substance?

A

Sebaceous (oil) glands

80
Q

Which glands secrete Sebum?

A

Sebaceous (oil) glands

81
Q

Nails are made up of what kind of cells?

A

Keratinized cells that rest on nail beds

My Anatomy Unit 3 Histo (4 decks)

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