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My Anatomy Unit 3 Histo > L2 - Bone Histology - Articulate H > Flashcards

L2 - Bone Histology - Articulate H Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissues are composed of two general things, what are they?

A
  1. Cells

2. Extracellular matrix (ECM)

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2
Q

Extracellular matrix has two major components, what are they?

A
  1. Proteins

2. Ground substance

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3
Q

The proteins in ECM are composed of what three things?

A
  1. Collagen fibers
  2. Reticular fibers
  3. Elastic fibers
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4
Q

The ground substance in ECM are composed of what three things?

A
  1. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
  2. Proteoglycans
  3. Multiadhesive glycoproteins
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5
Q

What cells give rise to osteoblasts?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells

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6
Q

What cells give rise to Hematopoietic stem cells?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells

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7
Q

What cells give rise to osteoclasts?

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

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8
Q

What are the 5 listed major functions of bones?

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Mechanical basis for movement
  4. Storage
  5. Blood cell formation
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9
Q

What are the 5 different shapes of bones?

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Irregular
  5. Sesamoid
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10
Q

____ bones are found in all extremities except the patella, carpels, and tarsals.

A

Long bones

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11
Q

____ bones are found in the carpals and tarsals.

A

Short bones

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12
Q

____ bones are found in the sternum, scapulae, ribs, and most of the skull

A

Flat bones

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13
Q

____ bones are found in the vertebrae and os coxae?

A

Irregular bones

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14
Q

____ bones are found in the hands, knee, and feet as a bone that forms in a tendon.

A

Sesamoid bones

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15
Q

What are the two gross observations of bone tissues?

A
  1. They can be compact (cortical) bone

2. They can be spongy (cancellous)(trabecular) bone

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16
Q

Under a microscope do the histological structures of compact or spongy bone differ?

A

NO

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17
Q

What is the formal name for the shaft of a long bone?

A

Diaphysis

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18
Q

The diaphysis has what kind of outer shell and inner core?

A

Outer - compact

Inner - medullary (red or yellow bone marrow)

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19
Q

As humans age what happens to the red bone marrow found in long bones?

A

It is converted over to yellow bone marrow

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20
Q

What is the formal name for the bones ends?

A

Epiphysis

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21
Q

The epiphysis has what type of shell and what type of core?

A

Outer - compact

Inner - spongy

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22
Q

What can be found between the spicules of the spongy bone at the epiphysis?

A

red or yellow bone marrow

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23
Q

What is the formal name of the flared portion of bone found between diaphysis and epiphysis?

A

Metaphysis

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24
Q

The metaphysis extends from what to what?

A

Extends from diaphysis to the epiphyseal line.

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25
Q

What is found between the metaphysis and the epiphysis?

A

The epiphyseal line (plate)

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26
Q

When will you find an epiphyseal plate

A

In individuals that are still growing

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27
Q

What happens to the epiphyseal plate as we get older?

A

It is filled with bone as we stop growing and becomes the epiphyseal line

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28
Q

What is the name of the external double membrane covering of bones?

A

Periosteum

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29
Q

The periosteum has two layers what are they and what do they contain?

A
  1. The outer fibrous layer has dense irregular connective tissue.
  2. The inner osteogenic layer consisting of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteogenic cells.
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30
Q

How does the periosteum anchor to the underlying bone?

A

Through collagen fibers termed perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers.

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31
Q

What is the name of the membrane that covers the internal surfaces of the bone?

A

Endosteum

32
Q

What covers the articulating surfaces or joint surfaces of the bone?

A

Articular cartilage

33
Q

What type of cartilage is articular cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage

34
Q

What fibers create a strong anchor for the periosteum to attach to the bone?

A

Perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers

35
Q

What do the long bones have that the short, irregular, and sesamoid bones not have?

A

Diaphyses, meaphyses, epiphyses, marrow cavities.

36
Q

What are the layers of the short, irregular, and sesamoid bones? Is there marrow?

A 
Inner - Spongy bone
Inner covering - Endosteum
Outer - Compact bone
Outer shell - Periosteum
- Yes there can be red or yellow marrow
37
Q

Bone tissues have two major components, what are they?

A
  1. Cells

2. Extracellular matrix

38
Q

What are the 4 components of bone cells?

A
  1. Osteogenic cells
  2. Osteoblasts
  3. Osteocytes
  4. Osteoclasts
39
Q

What are the two components of bone ECM? what are they composed of?

A
  1. Organic (Osteoids) - Type I collagen and bone matrix proteins
  2. Inorganic - Hydroxyapatite
40
Q

Order from osteogenic cell –> osteocyte in production?

A

Osteogenic cell –> Osteoblast –> Osteocyte

41
Q

Osteogenic cells divide by ____ to give rise to osteoblasts?

A

Mitosis

42
Q

_____ are responsible for synthesis and secretion of the organic component in bone matrix (osteoid). They also signal for the calcification of bone

A

Osteoblasts

43
Q

_____ are located on the surface of bone matrix, they look basophilic and cuboidal.

A

Osteoblasts

44
Q

_____ secrete so much matrix they get stuck there and turn into _____

A

osteocytes

45
Q

_____ sit in lacuna, they live many years, and extend long cytoplasmic extensions in tunnels called canaliculi

A

Osteocytes

46
Q

____ have reduced rough ER and Golgi complexes

A

Osteocytes

47
Q

____ sit in pits called resorption bays and have a ruffled boarder

A

Osteoclasts

48
Q

____ are formed from many monocytes and thus they are multi-nucleated

A

Osteoclasts

49
Q

____ dissolve bone matrix by secreting enzymes and hydrogen ions creating an acidic environment.

A

Osteoclasts

50
Q

Which of the 4 bone cells has a different pathway than arising from mesenchymal stem cells?

A

Osteoclasts - they arise from hematopoietic stem cells

51
Q

Which cells are cuboidal looking with a basophilic cytoplasm? They actively secrete matrix

A

Osteoblasts

52
Q

Large multi-nucleated motile cells removing newly deposited bone are called?

A

osteoclasts

53
Q

Which cell has a halo surrounding the cell? This cell is responsible for maintaining the matrix.

A

Osteocyte

54
Q

A stripe of material coming off of an osteoblast in an H&E staining would be considered what?

A

Osteoid

55
Q

What does osteoblast secrete that secrete a small amount of vitamin K dependent polypeptide?

A

Osteoclasin

56
Q

What are the small tunnels called that project off of an osteocyte?

A

Canaliculi

57
Q

What is the important role of canaliculi?

A

This is the passageway for osteocytes, nutrients and waste products are sent through the cytoplasmic processes.

58
Q

What are the two types of bone found under a microscope?

A
  1. Primary bone (woven or immature bone)

2. Secondary bone (lamellar or mature bone)

59
Q

Which type of bone develops in fracture repair and in embryonic development by collagen fibers laid down in random arrangement?

A

Primary bone

60
Q

Which bone type has lower mineral content and high amounts of osteocytes and is only temporary?

A

Primary bone

61
Q

Which type of bone is very organized with collagen fibers laid parallel around a canal?

A

Secondary bone

62
Q

Which bone type has concentric circles?

A

Secondary bone

63
Q

When looking at a slide of a fractured bone what portions will be secondary and which portions will be primary?

A

The organized lamellar bone is secondary, the sporadic bone is primary

64
Q

What type of tissue are both spongy (cancellous) bone and compact bone made from? primary or secondary?

A

Secondary

65
Q

What gives structural organization to compact bone? Looking for one name.

A

Osteons (Haversian system)

66
Q

What is at the center of an osteon and how is the osteon built out from there?

A

Central or Haversian canals surrounded by repeating concentric lamellar rings, each ring has opposing collagen fibers for strength.

67
Q

How many concentric lamella generally make up 1 osteon?

A

4-10

68
Q

What part of the osteon communicates with the marrow cavity and the periosteum through transverse (oblique) canals?

A

Central canals

69
Q

The portion of the bone not associated with osteons but connecting to the periosteum is called what?

A

Outer circumferential lamella

70
Q

The portion of bone between concentric rings that is not associated with the osteon is called?

A

Interstitial lamella

71
Q

The portion of the bone not associated with osteons but connecting to the endosteum is called what?

A

Inner circumferential lamella

72
Q

Is decalcified bone basophilic or acidophilic (eosinophilic)?

A

Acidophilic or eosinophilic

73
Q

Perforating canals (volksman canals) allow the central canal to do what?

A

Communicate with the marrow cavity

74
Q

Can you state the steps of developing new osteons?

A
  1. Osteoclasts tunnel
  2. Osteoprogenitor cells and blood capillaries
  3. Osteoblasts line the tunnel
  4. Osteoblasts –> Osteocytes
    fill in everything around the central blood vessel
75
Q

Spongy bone DOES NOT contain what?

A

Osteons

76
Q

Trabeculae surround what space?

A

Red marrow space

My Anatomy Unit 3 Histo (4 decks)

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