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Human Anatomy exam 1 > L2 Back and Extrinsic Should Muscles > Flashcards

L2 Back and Extrinsic Should Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal system joints (3)

A

Synovial - highly moveable

Cartilaginous - limited movement

Fibrous - no movement

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2
Q

Intervertebral disc

A

Joints between vertebral bodies

Cartilaginous joints

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3
Q

Facet joints

A

Joints between articular processes

Synovial

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4
Q

Intervertebral joints parts

A

Nucleus pulpsus - gooey center

Anulus fibrosus - external part

Hyaline cartilage

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5
Q

Intervertebral disc functions

A

Provide stability

Bear weight

Allow some movement

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6
Q

Herniated disc

A

Defect in anulus fibrosus causing herniation of nucleus pulposus

Typically in posterolateral direction

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7
Q

L4/L5 disc herniation causes damage to

A

L5 spinal nerve

Pain will be referred to segment of skin that receives sensory information from a particular spinal cord level

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8
Q

Ligaments of vertebral column

A 
Anterior longitudinal ligament 
Posterior longitudinal ligament 
Interspinous ligament 
Ligamentum flavum 
Ligamentum nuchae 
Supraspinous ligament
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9
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Prevents excess extension of vertebral column

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10
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Prevents excessive flexion of vertebral column

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11
Q

Interspinous ligament

A

Assists posterior longitudinal ligament by preventing excess flexion of vertebral column

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12
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

Resists separation of laminae in flexion

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13
Q

Ligamentum nuchae

A

Supports head

Continuous with supraspinous ligament

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14
Q

Supraspinous ligament

A

Prevents excessive flexion of vertebral column

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15
Q

Movements of vertebral column

Around transverse axis

A

Extension and flexion

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16
Q

Movements of vertebral column

Around AP axis

A

Lateral flexion

17
Q

Movements of vertebral column

Around vertical axis

A

Rotation

18
Q

Ipsilateral rotation

A

To side of active muscles

Right muscle contracts, movement is to right

19
Q

Contralateral rotation

A

To opposite side of active muscle

Right muscle contracts, movement is to left

20
Q

Extrinsic back muscles

A

Superficial layer

Contains muscles that are seen on the back but move the upper extremity

Innervated by anterior primary rami

21
Q

Posterior axioappendicular muscles

A

Extrinsic back muscles

Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboid minor and major

22
Q

Intrinsic back muscles

A

True back muscles

Stabilize or move the axial skeleton

Innervated by posterior primary rami

23
Q

Intrinsic back muscle layers

A

Splenius group (superficial)

Erector spinae group (intermediate)

Transversospinales group (deep)

24
Q

Splenius group

A

Toward cervical

Splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis

Bilaterally-extend head and neck

Unilaterally- rotate head ipsilaterally

25
Q

Erector spinae group

A

Spinalis
Longissimus
Iliocostalis

Bilaterally- extend vertebral column
Unilaterally- bend trunk laterally

26
Q

Transversospinales group

A

Deep layer

Semispinalis
Multifodus
Rotatores

Bilaterally - extend vertebral column
Unilaterally- rotation vertebral column contralaterally

27
Q

Typical curvature of spine

A

Embryo- primary curvature only

Adult- thoracic kyphosis, sacral kyphosis, cervical lordosis, lumbar lordosis

28
Q

Kyphosis

A

Primary curvature

29
Q

Lordosis

A

Secondary curvature

30
Q

Excessive kyphosis

A

Hunched over

31
Q

Excessive lordosis

A

Backs really arched

32
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

Danger time during puberty

33
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus

34
Q

Scapulothoracic “joint”

A

Movements of the scapula against chest wall

Elevation 
Depression 
Protraction 
Retraction 
Medial rotation 
Lateral rotation 
   For rotation look at inferior angle of scapula
35
Q

Scapulothoracic rhythm

A

Timing of movement at the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints during shoulder elevation

First 30 degrees only glenohumeral movement

After that scapula and humerus move in 1:2ratio

Human Anatomy exam 1 (7 decks)

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