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Human Anatomy exam 1 > L1 Nervous System > Flashcards

L1 Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

Integrates and coordinates incoming and outgoing neural signals

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2
Q

PNS

A

Nerves and ganglia

Consists of nerves that conduct impulses to or away from CNS to the rest of the body

Not protected/exposed to toxins & mechanical injuries

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3
Q

Meninges

A

Three connective tissues that protect, suspend, and surround the CNS within vertebral column/cranial cavity

Dura mater (outer)
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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4
Q

Epidural space

A

Outside dura mater

Contains fat, vertebral venous plexus

Drugs can be administered here

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5
Q

Subdural “space” and arachnoid

A

Potential space if there’s blood accumulation or a pathology

Dura and arachnoid maters are usually together

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6
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Below arachnoid

Contains cerebrospinal fluid

Access via lumbar puncture

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7
Q

Pia mater

A

Can’t pull of spinal cord

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8
Q

Denticulate ligament

A

Lateral to pia mater

Anchors spinal chord within spinal canal

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9
Q

Spinal cord lies within

A

Vertebral column

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10
Q

Vertebral column components

A 
7 cervical 
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral (fused) 
3-4 coccygeal (fused)
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11
Q

Spinal cord does not extend

A

The entire length of vertebral column

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12
Q

Conus medullaris

A

Inferior termination on spinal cord

~L1-L2 vertebral level in adults

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13
Q

Filum terminale internus

A

Proceeds downward from conus medularis

Delicate strand of fibrous tissue

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14
Q

PNS components

A

12 pairs cranial nerves
31 pairs spinal nerves

(left and right of each)

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15
Q

Spinal nerves

A

C1-C8 8 cervical

T1-T12 12 thoracic

L1-L5 5 lumbar

S1-S5 5 sacral

Co1 1 coccygeal

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16
Q

Spinal cord segment

A

Portion of spinal cord that is associated with one pair of spinal nerves

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17
Q

A single spinal nerve contains

A

Dermatome and myotome

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18
Q

Dermatome

A

Segment of skin receiving sensory interaction

Go through posterior root towards CNS

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19
Q

Myotome

A

Segment of skeletal muscle receiving motor innervation

Go through anterior root away from CNS

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20
Q

Anterior root

A

Only contains motor info

Away from CNS

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21
Q

Posterior root

A

Only contains sensory info

Info to CNS

22
Q

Posterior horn

A

Cell body in PNS

23
Q

Anterior horn

A

Cell body in CNS

24
Q

Spinal nerve contains

A

Motor and sensory info

25
Q

Posterior root ganglion

A

Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons

26
Q

Posterior ramus

A

Contains motor and sensory information

27
Q

Anterior ramus

A

Contains motor and sensory information

28
Q

Plexus

A

Combines neurons from different sources or spinal cord levels to form nerves with specific targets

29
Q

Anterior rami can

A

Form plexuses (many do)

Or travel around body wall singularly

30
Q

Spinal nerves exit vertebral column

A

Nerve C1 between skull and C1 vertebrae

Nerves C2-C7 emerge superior to corresponding vertebrae

Nerve 8 emerges inferior to C7 vertebrae

Nerves T1 and below emerge inferior to corresponding vertebrae

31
Q

Because spinal cord is much shorter than vertebral column

A

Spinal nerve roots become longer and pass more obliquely toward the inferior region of the vertebral canal

32
Q

Cauda equina

A

“Horses tail” of spinal nerves after conus medullaris

33
Q

CFS can be withdrawn safely via

A

Lumbar puncture between L2 and S2

34
Q

Pia mater ends

A

At conus medullaris

35
Q

Dural sac ends

A

At S2

And external filum terminale proceeds from here

Above dural sac = internal filum terminale

36
Q

Neuron and its components

A

Specialized cell to transmit info

Cell body
Dendrite(s)
Axon

37
Q

Neuron terminology of CNS

A

Nucleus - collection of cell bodies in CNS

tract- collection of neuron processes (axons) in CNS

38
Q

Neuron terminology PNS

A

Ganglion - collection of cell bodies in PNS

Nerve - collection of neuron processes (axons or dendrites) in PNS

39
Q

Structural types of neurons

A

unipolar

Bipolar

Pseudounipolar *

Multipolar *

40
Q

Neurons classified by direction of impulse

A

Efferent

Afferent

41
Q

Efferent

A

Motor

CNS to PNS

42
Q

Afferent

A

Sensory

PNS to CNS

43
Q

Neurons classified by type of structure innervated

A

Somatic

Visceral

44
Q

Somatic

A

Skin, skeletal muscle, bones, joints

Framework
Protection
Voluntary movement

45
Q

Visceral

A

Organs, glands, blood vessels

Involuntary activities

Carry out internal functions like digestion, excretion, and respiration

46
Q

Four functional types of neurons

A

SA

VA

SE

VE

47
Q

SA

A

Somatic afferent

Body wall and sensory

48
Q

VA

A

Visceral afferent

Organ system and sensory

49
Q

SE

A

Somatic efferent

Body wall and motor

50
Q

VE

A

Visceral efferent

Organ system and motor

51
Q

Nerve structure

A

Neurons + connective tissue covering + vessels

Human Anatomy exam 1 (7 decks)

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