L2 Acquisition Contexts

Question 1

Subtractive bilingualism definition

Answer 1

One language (usually majority language) learned at the expense of another, usually a minority language

Question 2

Naturalistic contexts for L2 acquisition

Answer 2

Immigration
Study abroad

Question 3

Instructed learning / Instructed second language acquisition (ISLA)

Answer 3

Traditional classroom
Bilingual education (transitional or maintenance)
Immersion

Question 4

Traditional classroom

Answer 4

Language classes part of overall schooling

Question 5

Bilingual education types

Answer 5

Transitional or Maintenance/Developmental

Question 6

Transitional bilingual education

Answer 6

Programs which aim to shift students to the majority language, help students assimilate to mainstream cultural norms, and incorporate students into the national society

Question 7

Maintenance/Developmental bilingual education

Answer 7

Encourages students to maintain their native language, strengthen their cultural identity, and affirm their civil rights in the national society

Question 8

Supporting claim for the transitional bilingual education

Answer 8

Needing to quickly adapt to majority language

Question 9

Critique for transitional bilingual education

Answer 9

May lead to subtractive bilingualism

Question 10

Supporting claims for Maintenance bilingual education

Answer 10

Support L1 longer
Evidence for higher ESL and academic achievement

Question 11

Immersion

Answer 11

Instruction in academic subjects carried out in L2

Question 12

Two-way immersion / instruction, dual immersion

Answer 12

Children instructed in two languages
Children from both TL communities

Question 13

Heritage language instruction

Answer 13

Home langage differs from larger community language
Typically, first language acquired, but not fully acquired due to switch to dominant L
Often in immigrant communities