L2&3: Organic Nomenclature Flashcards
Hydrocarbons
Only C’s and H’s
General structure of the Name
- Prefix: where and what are the branches (aka longest chain with most branches)
- Locant: where the primary functional group is (nearer end, use 2nd branch if both have same 1st)
- Parent: number of carbons
- Suffix: primary functional group (branches in alphabetical)
Cycloalkanes formula
CnH2n
*start counting C’s at 1st substitution
Cis vs Trans
Same side vs Opposite sides
2-propyl-1-pentene OR
2-propylpent-1-ene
The ‘1’ is where the double bond is
2 double bonds in alkenes
Diene
Cis in alkenes?
H’s on same side of the 2ble bond
Aka both under/over
(Symmetric if you fold at the double bond)
Alkene and alkyne present?
‘-enyne’
Eg 5-methyl-1-hepten-6-yne
Monosubstituted Benzenes
Cl- chlorobenzene
NO2- nitrobenzene
CN- cyanobenzene
OH- hydroxybenzene or Phenol
NH2- aminobenzene or Aniline
COOH- carboxybenzene or Benzoic acid
CH3- methylbenzene or Tuolene
Disubstituted benzene
1,2-dimethlybenzene= ortho-xylene or o-xylene
1,3= meta-xylene or m-xylene
1,4= para-xylene or p-xylene
Naming alcohols
Longest chain with -OH
-ol ending
Primary alcohol
C attached to 1C
Secondary alcohol
C attached to 2C’s
Tertiary alcohol
C attached to 3 C’s
Naming aldehydes
Always in terminal position
CH double to O
