11- Alcohols I

Question 1

Alcohol properties

Answer 1

All liquid
-due to H-bonds

Volatile
-evaporate easily

Flammable
-high vapour pressure

Question 2

Alcohol solubility

Answer 2

Up to pentanol (5Cs):
-highly soluble in water due to H-bonds (between water and alcohol)

Past this:
-hydrophobic alkane takes over

Question 3

What place do alcohols take?

Answer 3

A central part

Question 4

Alcohol formation types

Answer 4

Hydration reaction

1,2-Diol (Vicinal Diol) Synthesis

From Reduction of Carbonyl Groups

Question 5

Methanol bp

Answer 5

Wood alcohol

64.7 oC

Question 6

Ethanol bp

Answer 6

Drinking alcohol

78.37 oC

Question 7

Hydration reaction types

Answer 7

1. Brute-force
2. Oxymercuration
3. Hydroboration (Anti-Markovnikov)

Question 8

TBC

1,2-Diol Synthesis method

Answer 8

(Vicinal Diol)

Method 1: alkene + (OsO4) -> cis stereochemistry

Question 9

Aldehydes give

Answer 9

Primary alcohols

Question 10

Ketones give

Answer 10

Secondary alcohols

Question 11

Reducing agents for the reduction of carbonyl compounds

Answer 11

1. NaBH4- sodium borhydride in ETHANOL
2. LiAlH- lithium aluminium hydride in DRY ETHEr