L19 Nutritional Changes and Requirements in Older Adults Flashcards
Why is healthy eating important in again? x4
Malnourishment can cause:
- impaired immune and sensory function
- a decline in body functions
- worsening of chronic disease function
- and poor quality of life
What % of 51-70-year-olds and over 70-year-olds do not eat the recommended fruit and veg?
41% male and 48% female
52% male and 60% female
What % of 51-70-year-olds and over 70-year-olds do not eat the recommended servings of grains?
37% male and 61% female
43% male and 66% female
What is the goal for energy intake for older adults and how is the EEE determined?
The goal is to have enough energy to maintain a healthy body weight and preserve appropriate body compostition.
The EEE accounts for BMR + thermic effect of feeding + activity
How does average energy intake change with age?
It decreases with age
What are the DRI’s for CHO, fibre, linolenic, linoleic, protein and water?
CHO 130g fibre males 30g females 21g linoleic male 14g females 11g linolenic male 1.6g females 1.1g protein 0.8 g/kg water males 3.7 L femlaes 2.7L
Why does the IAAO have a higher RDA for protein than the recommended DRI?
An even higher RDA in older adults to prevent the loss of lean body mass.
- higher whole lean body mass
- higher apendicular lean mass
- higher trunk lean mass
- more muscle strength (grip strength)
Based on data collected from the diets of men an women over the age of 50, what % of people are exceeding or not meeting the AMDR?
Fat - 20% are above the total 35%
CHO - 11% are below the 45%
Protein - <3% have intake below 10%
Why are older adults more susceptible to dehydration?
- lower total body water
- decreased ability to concentrate urine
- lower fluid intake becasue they are less sensitive to thirst, swallowing problems are more common, forget to drink water, mobility issues, and fear of incontinence
What are some of the signs and symptoms of dehydration?
- difficulty with speech
- confusion
- muscle weakness
- dry mouth and nose
- tounge furrows and dryness
- sunken appearance of eyes
- thirst and skin turgor are not good indicators of dehydration in adults
What are some tips to increase fluid intake?
- adding flavor water and encourge drinking fluid from multiple sources
- portable water bottles
- reminders to drink water
- address factors that may cause an intentional reduction in fluids (ie. incontinence)
What micronutrient recommendations increase and decrease in older adults?
increase:
- vitamin D (over 70)
- vitamin B6 (over 50)
- calcium (over 50 in females and over 70 in males)
Decrease:
- iron ( over 50)
- sodium and chloride (over 50)
What are the micronutrients of concern?
vitamin A, B6, C, D, folate, calcium, magnesium, zinc, potassium,
Sodium in excess
*what about B12 and iron?
What are some nutrients that help with the immune system and protect cognitive function?
Antioxidants: beta-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium
Immune protectors: protein, glutamine, vitamin A, vitamin C, zinc
cognitive function: AA, DHA, B vitamins, iron, anti-oxidants, glucose, fluids
How much does the RDA for calcium increase and at what age?
What is the reason for the increase?
The RDA for calcium increases from 1000mg to 1200mg (in females over 50 and in males over 70)
- additional calcium is needed to support depostition of calcium in the bone
- there is an association with low calcium intake and an increased risk of hypertension
