L16 Review of Childhood Obesity Flashcards
What are the BMI percentiles for overweight, obese, and severely obese?
overweight >85th percentile
obese >95th percentile
severely obese 99th percentile
What % of males and females are overweight and obese?
overweight and obese males: 29.1% females: 24.8%
obese: males: 16.3% females: 10.4%
the trend is increasing with time and age
what are some social factors that affect children and women due to obesity?
children: decreses in self-esteem and overall health quality of life and an increase in anxiety, dpression, bullying, and discrimination
Women: decrease in education, fmaily income, and maririage and an increase in poverty
What are some comorbidities affecting people with obesity?
cardiovascular and cardiometabolic issues: - hyperinsulinemia - insulin resistance - prediabetes - hypertension - low levels of HDL cholesterol - elevated levels of triglycerides & more - dermatologic - endocrine - musculoskeletal - neurologic -pulmonary
What is included in the clinical examination assessin obesity?
- A complete dietary and physical assessment is taken
- medical, developmental, and family history is taken
- phsycological screening
- and a physical exam to asses the signs and symptoms of genetic/endocrine casues or comorbidities
What is the goal for clinical interventions addressing obesity in relation to behavioral changes?
Identifying the specific behaviors to target for change
- SMART goals and self monitoring
What are some dietary, physical, and sedentary strategies to address obesity?
- diets with low or modified CHO intake
- monitor the energy density of foods
- moderate or high intensity activity for short term weight improvments (low intensity show weak or inconsistent results)
What has more of an impact on weight management, behavioral modification or behavioral modifications + surgery?
BM + sugery
What are some of the habits of successful weight loss maintainers?
- ate 5 times a day
- limited their intake of certain foods
- consumed an average of 1400 calories/day (24% from fat, 19% from protein, 56% from CHO)
- burned an average of 2800 calories per week through exercise (400 kcal/day or 60 min of walking at 15min/mile)
What are 2 medications used to manage weight loss?
Orlistat for weight management
Metformin for T2D
What are the 3 types of surgery for weight management?
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy Gastric bypass Gastrin band (adjustable)
How does appetite counter weight loss?
weight loss leads to a propotional increase in appettite. Feedback control of energy intake has a large impact on appetite and may explain why weight loss maintenance is so difficult.
Is obesity a disease?
Yes, the WHO, FDA, American Medical Association, AACE, and other organizations recognize that obesity is a chronic and progressive disease not unlike hypertension and diabetes.
What are the target nutritional behaviors for weight management?
- limiting consumption of energy dense foods
- encourage fruits and vegetables (1-2 serving of fruit and 1-3 servings of veg every day)
- limit eating out
- encourage eating at home and family meals
- eating at breakfast daily
- limit portion sizes
- eat a diet rich in calcium, fibre, and balanced micronutrients
What are some physical and sedentary target behaiours for weight management?
- limit TV and screen time
- removing TV and other screens from children sleeping areas
- moderate to vigorous activity for at least 60 min per day (only 9% of children get this)
