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RED > L19: Development Of The Urogenital System > Flashcards

L19: Development Of The Urogenital System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the male urethra

A

Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy urethra

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2
Q

Which duct connects to the prostatic urehtra

A
  • Ejaculatory duct (connection of the seminal vesicle and vas deferens)
  • bladder
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3
Q

When the mesoderm forms which 3 parts are there

A

Somatic lateral plate mesoderm
Paraxial mesoderm
Intermediate mesoderm

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4
Q

Which 2 components arise form the intermediate mesoderm

A

Urinary system

Genital system

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5
Q

When the embryo begins to fold what happens to the intermediate mesoderm

A

Bulges into the peritoneal cavity known as intra embryonic coelum and gives rise to the urogenital rusge

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6
Q

When the urogenital ridge forms what are the 2 parts of it

A

Gonadal ridge

Nephrogenic cord

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7
Q

What does the gonadal ridge contain

A

Gonad

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8
Q

What does the nephrogenic cord contain

A

Paramesonephric duct

Mesonephric duct

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9
Q

What does the paramesonephric duct form

A

The female duct system

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10
Q

What does the mesonephric duct form

A

The male duct system

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11
Q

Where does the kidney derive from

A

Nephrogenic cord

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12
Q

What are the 3 staged of kidney evolution

A

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

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13
Q

What is the pronephros

A

The most primitive kidney that develops in the cervical region which disappeares

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14
Q

What is the mesonephros

A

Functioning kidney in most anomiates located in the thoroacolumbar region
In humans it then disappears and ductus from the male genital duct - mesonephric duct

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15
Q

What is the metanephros

A

The functioning kindey of most amniates and in humans located in the sacral region

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16
Q

What does the mesonephric duct form so it can connect to the mesonephric blastema

A

Uteric bud

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17
Q

What does metanephric blastema form

A

The nephrogenic cord that from the kidney

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18
Q

When the uteric bud penetrates to the metanephric blastema what does it form

A

The major calyx
Minor calyx
Ureter

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19
Q

What does the metanephric blastema form

A

The other layers of the collecting tubules

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20
Q

What happens to the Kidney when it forms in the sacral region

A

Ascends up

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21
Q

What happens to the pronephros and mesonephros

A

Disappear

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22
Q

What forms the ureters

A

Uteric bud

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23
Q

When the endoderm fold during folding what structure does it form that gives rise to the bladder and the urethra

A

Cloca

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24
Q

What are the 2 parts of the cloca

A

Anterior part

Posterior part

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25
Q

What does the anterior part form

A

Bladder and urethra

26
Q

What does the posterior part of the cloca form

A

The primitive rectum

27
Q

In males what happens to the mesonephric duct when the bladder forms

A

Gets absorbed into the wall of the bladder which will become the ducts deferens in the future

28
Q

At the neck of the bladder what forms to give rise to the prostate gland

A

New buds

29
Q

Which structure forms the posterior wall of prostatic turban

A

Mesonephric duct

30
Q

What is the tip of male urethra that opens to the outside derived from

A

The endoderm

31
Q

Which gene in the Y chromosome allows the development of the testis

A

SRY gene

32
Q

In females what does the absence of SRY gene cause

A

Expression of NNT4 that differentiates gonads into ovaries

33
Q

Describe the process that occurs to from the testis

A

1) coelimic epithelium form primary sex cords which develop into future seminiferous tubules where PCGS are
2) mesonephric duct forms the rete testis
3) the remaining layer of tunica albuginea divides the testis into lobules that contain the seminiferous tubules

34
Q

Describe the process that occurs in ovary development

A

1) coelimic epithelium cells do not penetrate deeply to the medullary mesenchyme to form the primordial follicles
2) PCGS are located within the primordial follicles
3) Müllerian duct forms into the uterine tube

35
Q

Which cells in the testis produce testosterone

A

Leydig cells

36
Q

What are the 2 rings of the inguinal canal

A

Deep inguinal ring

Superficial inguinal ring

37
Q

Describe how the inguinal canal is formed as the testis descends

A

1) the gubernaculum that is attached to the base of the scrotum shortens
2) this forms a small pouch of the peritoneum called the processes vaginalis
3) as the gubernaculum contracts is brings the layers of the abdominal wall
4) internal oblique muscle become the cremasteric fascia that contains the cremasteric muscle
5) external oblique muscle becomes the external spermatic fascia
6) transversal is fascia become the internal spermatic fascia
7) processes vaginalis i.e parietal peritoneum becomes the tunica vaginalis
8) the gubernaculum remnant becomes the ligament of the scrotum

38
Q

In females what is the descent of the ovaries too far prevented by

A

The developing uterus

39
Q

What are the remnants of the gubernaculum in females

A

Ligament of ovary

Round ligament of uterus

40
Q

Which ligament passes the inguinal canal in females

A

Ligament of the uterus

41
Q

What is undescended testis called

A

Crytochoidism

42
Q

What is the difference between cyptochoidism and ectopic testis

A

Cryptochoidism- undescended testis along the initial descending pathway
Ectopic testis - testis can occur anywhere form the abdominal to the groin region

43
Q

What is the complications/risks of cryptochoidism

A

Increased risk of testicular torsion
Inguinal hernia
Decreased fertility
Increased risk of testicular cancer

44
Q

What hormone does the developing testis and the Sertoli cells cells secrete

A

Anti mullerian hormone

45
Q

What does the anti mullerian hormone cause

A

Regression of the Müllerian duct (female duct) and formation of the wolffian duct

46
Q

What structures does the wolffian duct form

A

Epididymis
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicle
Ejaculatory duct

47
Q

What happens in males to allow the Müllerian duct to develop

A

Oestrogen is produced which regresses the wolffian duct and develops the Müllerian duct

48
Q

What structures does the Müllerian duct give rise to

A

Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Proximal 1/3rd of the vagina

49
Q

Where is the wolffian duct derived from

A

The mesonephric duct - where the kidney develops from

50
Q

In females what is the Müllerian duct derived from

A

The paramesonephric ducts

51
Q

In females what forms the lower 2/3rd of the vagina

A

Endoderm

52
Q

When the paramesonephric ducts cross medially, they drag a fold of peritoneum which fuse together, what does this peritoneum form

A

The broad ligament

53
Q

In the embryo external genitalia what are the structures that are present

A

Genital tubercle
Genital swelling
Genital folds

54
Q

What structure does the genital tubercule form in the males

A

Glans penis

55
Q

What structure does the genital tubercle form in females

A

Clitoris

56
Q

What structure does the genital fold form in males

A

Penis shaft

57
Q

What structure does the genital folds form in females

A

Labia minus

58
Q

What structure does the genital swelling form in the males

A

Scrotum

59
Q

What structure does the genital swelling form in females

A

Labia majora

60
Q

What is hypospadias

A

When the genital folds failure to fuse together along the undersurface of the shat of the penis that leads to abnormal urethral orifices

61
Q

If the urethra opens at the dorsal surface of the penis what is this known as

A

Epispodias

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