L02: Adrenal Gland Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex
Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasiculata
Zona reticularis
What hormone does the zona glomerulosa produce
Aldosterone
What hormone does the zona fasciulata produce
Cortisol
What hormone does the zona reticularis produce
DHEA
What is the inner layer of the adrenal gland called
Adrenal medulla
What does the adrenal medulla produce
Catecholamine: noradrenaline and adrenaline
What role does aldosterone have
Salt
What role does cortisol have
Sugar
What role does DHEA have
Sex
What does CAH stand for
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
What is the major cause of CAH
21 Hydroxylase defiency
What stimulates the adrenal gland to produce cortisol
Hypothalamus pituitary axis
What does the pituitary gland release to the adrenal gland
ACTH
When there is 21 hydoxylase enzyme deficiency what happens to cortisol production
Decreases
When there is low cortisol what happen to cortisol feedback back to the hypothalamus
Reduced
If there is low cortisol feedback back to the hypothalamus what does the hypothalamus and pituitary do
Increase the release of ACTH to try and stimulate the release of cortisol
Instead of producing cortisol due to ACTH binding what does the adrenal glands produce instead
DHEA sex steroid (androgen)
Why is DHEA produced
It is not affected by the 21 hydroxylase enzyme deficiency
What does excess DHEA cause in new born baby girls
Virilization
Hyper plastic adrenals
What is the cause of of 21 hyrodoxylase enzyme
Mutation
Which from of 21 hydroxylase enzyme is likely to be mutated
CYP21A2
Which 2 categories of hormone is affected by 21 hydoxylase enzyme
Glucocorticoids: cortisol
Mineralocorticoid: aldosterone
How do we diagnose CAH
Look at level of the steroid 17OHP
What is 17OHP
The steroid produced prior to the block of 21 hydroxylase enzyme
What is virilization of the external female genitalia called due to excess androgen
46, XX, Disorder sex development (DSD)
How to we stage/classify virilization
Using the prader stage
How many stages are there in the prader stage
5
What happens to androgen and virilization as you increase the prader stage from 1 to 5
Androgens and virilization increases
What are the 3 forms of CAH
Classic CAH ‘salt wasting’
Classic CAH ‘simple virlising’
Non-classic CAH
Which hormones are deficiency in classic CAH ‘salt wasting’. Hint is in the name
Glucocorticoid deficiency: cortisol
Mineralocorticoid deficiency: aldosterone
What hormone is deficient in classic CAH ‘simple virilizing’
Glucocorticoid: cortisol