L19 Cortical Localization of Function, Language and Aphasias

Question 1

In most people, language depends on __________ hemisphere.

Answer 1

In most people, language depends on left hemisphere (almost all right-handed and most left-handed people).

Question 2

Cortex can be divided into 52 ______________ based on cellular organization (_______________)

Answer 2

Cortex can be divided into 52 Brodmann areas based on cellular organization (cytoarchitecture)

Question 3

While different words are associated with activity in different brain regions, ____________________ suggest Broca’s and Wernicke’s Areas are fundamentally associated with language processing

Answer 3

While different words are associated with activity in different brain regions, overlapping regions of activity suggest Broca’s and Wernicke’s Areas are fundamentally associated with language processing

Question 4

White matter tract between Wernicke’s and Broca’s Areas passes through the _____________and is called _____________

Answer 4

White matter tract between Wernicke’s and Broca’s Areas passes through the Angular Gyrus and is called the Arcuate Fasciculus

Question 5

Damage ______________=> PRODUCTIVE Aphasia not a deficit in language comprehension, but production

Answer 5

Damage Broca’s Area=> PRODUCTIVE Aphasia: not a deficit in language comprehension, but production

Question 6

Damage to ________________=> RECEPTIVE Aphasia: Issue in language comprehension

Answer 6

Damage to Wernickes Area => RECEPTIVE Aphasia: Issue in language comprehension

Question 7

Word thought of => __________ (ideas into words) => ______ (motor production of words)

Answer 7

Word thought of => Werkinckes (ideas into Words) => Brocas (motor production of words)

Question 8

____________________:

• Frontal lobe lesion
• Difficulty in understanding grammatically complex sentences

Answer 8

Broca Aphasia:

• Frontal lobe lesion
• Difficulty in understanding grammatically complex sentences

Question 9

______________________:

• Left temporal lobe lesion
• Frequent errors in word choice or phonemes

Answer 9

Wernicke Aphasia:

• Left temporal lobe lesion
• Frequent errors in word choice or phonemes

Question 10

______________________:

• Damage to structures interacting with language areas
• Speech production and auditory comprehension less severe than Broca and Wernicke
• Difficulty in repeating speech and naming objects

Answer 10

Conduction Aphasia:

• Damage to structures interacting with language areas
• Speech production and auditory comprehension less severe than Broca and Wernicke
• Difficulty in repeating speech and naming objects

Question 11

_______________________:

• Complete loss of language
• Damage to multiple structures (e.g. middle cerebral artery infarct)
• Often accompanied by right paralysis

Answer 11

Global Aphasia:

• Complete loss of language
• Damage to multiple structures (e.g. middle cerebral artery infarct)
• Often accompanied by right paralysis

Question 12

Aphasia often accompanied by right paralysis?

Answer 12

Global Aphasia

Question 13

Aphasia associated with difficulty in understanding grammatically complex sentences?

Answer 13

Broca Aphasia

Question 14

Aphasia associated with frequent errors in word choice or phonemes?

Answer 14

Wernicke Aphasia

Question 15

Aphasia associated with difficulty in repeating speech and naming objects?

Answer 15

Conduction Aphasia

Question 16

Broca’s vs. Wernicke’s

• Speech
• Comprehension
• Region Affected

Answer 16

Broca’s:

• Speech: Nonfluent, effortful
• Comprehension: Preserved for single words and simple grammatical sentences
• Region Affected: Left Posterior Frontal Cortex

Wernicke’s:

• Speech: Fluent, abundant, well articulated, melodic
• Comprehension: Impaired
• Region Affected: Left Temporal Cortex

Question 17

The right cortex is NOT excluded from speech and language, it is important for _____________.

• Right Anterior lesions => _______________
• Right Posterior lesions=> _______________

Answer 17

The right cortex is NOT excluded from speech and language, it is important for PROSODY

• Right Anterior lesions => INAPPROPRIATE INTONATION
• Right Posterior lesions=> DIFFICULTY IN INTERPRETTING TONE IN SPEECH OF OTHERS

Question 18

The right cortex is NOT excluded from speech and language, it is important for _____________.

• Right Anterior lesions => _______________
• Right Posterior lesions=> _______________

Answer 18

The right cortex is NOT excluded from speech and language, it is important for PROSODY

• Right Anterior lesions => INAPPROPRIATE INTONATION
• Right Posterior lesions=> DIFFICULTY IN INTERPRETING TONE IN SPEECH OF OTHERS

Question 19

The more modern view of cortical structures involved in language includes not only Broca’s (?) and Wernicke’s (?) areas, but also _________________

Answer 19

The more modern view of cortical structures involved in language includes not only Broca’s (B) and Wernicke’s (W) areas, but also much of the surrounding cortical structures

Question 20

Wernicke-Geschwind pathway for Spoken Word Comprehension?

Answer 20

Question 21

Wernicke-Geschwind pathway for Written Word Comprehension?

Answer 21