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Neurology in Health & Disease > L13 Vestibular System > Flashcards

L13 Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

Basic Structure of the Vestibular System

_______________ LABYRINTH is defined by the space in the bones (Filled with _____________)

________________ LABYRINTH (within the Osseus Labyrinth) is filled w/ _______________

A

OSSEUS LABYRINTH is defined by the space in the bones (Filled with PERILYMPH)

MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH (within the Osseus Labyrinth) is filled w/ ENDOLYMPH (high potassium) => more excitable (Higher resting membrane potential))

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2
Q

_____________________ is a cone-shaped structure, covered in receptor cells called “hair cells”. Covering this structure is a gelatinous mass called the _____________.

A

Crista Ampullaris is a cone-shaped structure, covered in receptor cells called “hair cells”. Covering this structure is a gelatinous mass called the Cupula.

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3
Q

3 ___________ associated w/ SEMICIRCULAR CANALS

2 ________ associated w/ OTOLITHIC ORGANS

A

3 Cristae associated with SEMICIRCULAR CANALS

2 Maculae in the UTRICLE and SACCULE

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4
Q
A
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5
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6
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7
Q

Vestibular Pathways? (3)

A

Primary Sensory Pathway: Projection to Cortex via Thalamus => conscious perception of vestibular sense

Vestibulospinal Reflexes: Changes in the activity of body muscles induced by movements of the head in space aimed at stabilizing posture

Vestibulo-Occular Reflexes: ensures that images remain fixated on the retina even though the head is moving

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8
Q

Anterior Semicircular Canal controls the ________________and_______________ Muscles

A

Anterior Semicircular Canal controls the Superior Rectus and Inferior Oblique Muscles

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9
Q

Horizontal Semicircular Canal controls the ______________ and _______________ Muscles

A

Horizontal Semicircular Canal controls the Medial Rectus and Lateral Rectus Muscles

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10
Q

Posterior Semicircular Canal controls the_______________ and _______________ Muscles

A

Posterior Semicircular Canal controls the Inferior Rectus and Superior Oblique

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11
Q

Describe the Vestibulo-Occular Reflex

A
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12
Q

How to test the Vestibulo-Occular Reflex?

A
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13
Q

Vestibulocerebellar Reflexes bypass __________________=> direct projection to the Cerebellum.

Output from Cerebellum returns to ______________________ => modifies _________________ and ____________________

A

Vestibulocerebellar Reflexes bypass Vestibular Nucleus=> direct projection to the Cerebellum

Output from cerebellum returns to Vestibular Nuclei => modifies EYE MOVEMENT and VESTIBULOSPINAL Reflexes

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14
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A
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15
Q

Superior Vestibular Nuclei: Receive inputs from ______________________ => _______________________________

A

Superior/Medial Vestibular Nuclei: Receive inputs from Semicircular Canals => Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus

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16
Q

Medial Vestibular Nuclei: Receive inputs from ______________________ => _______________________________

A

Superior/Medial Vestibular Nuclei: Receive inputs from Semicircular Canals => Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus

17
Q

Lateral Vestibular Nuclei: Receive Receives input from ______________________ => ______________________

A

Lateral Vestibular Nucleus: Receives input from Otoliths (Saccule/Utricle) => Projects mainly to Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract

18
Q

Inferior (Descending) Vestibular Nucleus: Receives input from __________=> _______________________________________________

A

Inferior (Descending) Vestibular Nucleus: Receives input from Otoliths (Saccule/Utricle) =>

  • Cerebellum
  • Reticular Formation
  • Spinal Cord
  • CONTRLATERAL Vestibular Nuclei
19
Q

Input/Pathway/Role of Lateral Vestibular Nuclei?

A
20
Q

Input/Role/Pathway of Medial/Superior Vestibular Nuclei?

A
21
Q

Which vestibular nucleus plays an important role in the maintenance of posture?

A

Lateral Vestibular Nucleus=> Neurons travel through **Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract down to the Horn of the VENTRRAL Spinal Cord => Synapses ANITI-GRAVITY Motor Neurons => Helps body stay upright

22
Q

Projections from the Lateral Vestibular Nucleus?

A

Second Order Neurons travel through Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract down to the Horn of the VENTRRAL Spinal Cord => Synapses ANITI-GRAVITY Motor Neurons => Helps body stay upright

23
Q

Input of Lateral Vestibular Nuceli?

A

Receives input from Utricle and Semicircular Canals

24
Q

Input of Medial/Superior Vestibular Nuceli?

A

Receives input primarily from Semicircular Canals

25
Q

Where does the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF) Begin and what role does it serve?

A
  • MLF begins in the MEDIAL VESTIBULAR NUCLEUS and connects it to the cranial nerve nuclei that control eye movement (CN VI, IV, III)
  • MLF continues inferiorly as the vestibulospinal tract connecting to motor nuceli. At each level it connects the motor nuclei of one side with the one on the opposite that controls synergistic muscles
26
Q

Which nuclei are responsible for mediating reflex movements of the neck that stabilize the positon of the head in space?

A

Medial and Superior Vestibular Nuclei =>

  • Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF)
  • Medial Vestibulospinal Tract
27
Q

Which Nuceli are involved in controlling the Vestibulo-Occular Reflexes?

A

Semicircular Cannals => Medial and Superior Vestibular Nuclei via the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF) =>

  • Abducens Ncuelsu (CN VI)
  • Trochlear Nucleus (CN IV)
  • Occulomotor Nuclei (CN III)
28
Q

In the ____________________ Canals movement of the cupula TOWARDS the Ampula => Excitation

A

In the HORIZONTAL Canals movement of the cupula TOWARDS the Ampula => Excitation

29
Q

In the ______________________Cannals Movement AWAY From the Ampulla is excitatory

A

In the ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR Cannals Movement AWAY From the Ampulla is excitatory

30
Q

Hair cells are oriented _______________ from the Striola in the Saccule

A

Hair cells are oriented AWAY from the Striola in the Saccule

30
Q

Hair cells are oriented ______________ the Striola in the Utricle

A

Hair cells are oriented TOWARDS the Striola in the Utricle

31
Q

The ____________ is sensitive to Horizontal Acceleration

A

The UTRICLE is sensitive to Horizontal Acceleration

32
Q

The ____________ is sensitive to Verticle Acceleration

A

The SACCULE is sensitive to Verticle Acceleration

33
Q

_________________ is the sensory area within the utricle and saccule containing the hair cells

A

MACULA is the sensory area within the utricle and saccule containing the hair cells

34
Q

Tips of the Cillia in otolith organs project into the _________________, covered in crystal of calcium carbonate (________________) which add weight and inertia

A

Tips of the Cillia in otolith organs project into the Otolythic Membrane, covered in crystal of calcium carbonate (Otoconia) which add weight and inertia

35
Q

Each semicircular duct has a swelling called the _____________ near its junction with the ___________

A

Each semicircular duct has a swelling called the Ampula near its junction with the Utricle

36
Q

The Ampulla has a structure called the _____________ which consists of hair cells embedded in a gelatinous mass called the ______________

A

The Ampulla has a structure called the Crista which consists of hair cells embedded in a gelatinous mass called the Cupula

37
Q

The _____________ moves in response to the intertial flow of endolymph in the Semicircular Canals. Endolymph flows _________________ rotation of the canal

A

The Cupula moves in response to the inertial flow of endolymph in the Semicircular Canals. Endolymph flows OPPOSITE rotation of the canal

Neurology in Health & Disease (18 decks)

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