L17: Dysregulation in fuel homeostasis in diabetes Flashcards
What goes wrong in diabetes?
Dysregulated insulin secretion/insulin action results in the inability to regulate blood glucose levels properly
Where is insulin made?
In islets of Langerhands which are small clusters of cells in the pancreas
TRUE OR FALSE:
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone
True
What is insulin formed from?
Pro-peptide called proinsulin
How many amino acids in
1) Insulin A-chain
2) Insulin B-chain?
1) 21 amino acids
2) 30 amino acids
What bonds are the insulin chains connected by?
2 disulphide bonds
What causes type 1 diabetes?
Body attacking/destroying its own cells & insulin producing beta-cells are destroyed, this results in insufficient insulin to regulate blood glucose levels
What is glycosuria?
Excess glucose lost in the urine
Why is insulin essential?
Glucose uptake & storage after food intake
Describe automated insulin delivery treayment in T1D
Continuous glucose monitor (CGM) measures blood glucose every 5 mins, and automically delivers an dose of insulin through patient’s pump
Describe islet transplantation treatment in T1D
Islets are isolated from pancreas of an organ donor, the infused into the hepatic portal vein of the patient. It is lodged in capillaries from the portal vein & secretes insulin
Hormones secreted by … makes cells less sensitive to insulin
Adipocytes
3 microvascular consequences of diabetic complications
1) Nephropathy (kidney capillaries leaky)
2) Retinopathy (damaged retinal capillaries)
3) Neuropathy (nerve damage, loss of sensation)
1 macrovascular consequences of diabetic complications
cardiovascular dysfunction
difference between microvascular & macrovascular
Micro: affects small blood vessels
Macro: affects large blood vessles
