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Microbiology > L16_Cocci > Flashcards

L16_Cocci Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the diameter of cocci?

A

1um

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2
Q

Are cocci spore forming?

A

No

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3
Q

What are the only reservoir for cocci?

A

Humans

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4
Q

Can cocci be cultured easily?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What are the 5 relevant streptococci species?

A

Group A (sore throats), Group B (meningitis), Pneumococci (pneumonia), Viridans Streptococci (Endocarditis), Enterococci (Abscesses)

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6
Q

What are the 3 relevant Staphylococci species?

A

S. Aureus (abscesses), S. Epidermidis (Catheters), S. saprophyticus (UTI)

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7
Q

What are the 2 relevant Neisseria species?

A

N. meningitides, N. gonorrhoeae

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8
Q

What does the catalase test test for?

A

Ability to break down H2O2

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9
Q

How can you identify streptococci?

A

Gram Positive, Catalase negative, chains

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10
Q

What are the possible results of a hemolysis test, and what do they represent?

A 
Beta= completely breakdown
alpha= partially break down
gamma= do not break down
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11
Q

Describe the test results that identify group A strep

A

Gram positive, catalase negative, beta hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive

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12
Q

Describe the test results that identify group B strep

A

Gram positive, catalase negative, beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant

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13
Q

What are the virulence factors of Group A strep (structural and toxins)

A

Structural: Pili and M protein
Toxins: streptokinase (breaks blood clots), streptodornase, hyaluronidase (breaks down tissue), pyrogenic toxin, erythrogenic toxin

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14
Q

What kind of infections do group A strep cause?

A

Surface infections (sore throats), they spread, they cause fever

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15
Q

What is the reservoir and transmission for group A strep

A

carriers or infected patients, and direct contact. (Dogs can carry too)

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16
Q

What are 3 possible sequelae that can be observed a couple weeks after a group A strep infection?

A

streptococcal nephritis (After Strep B)
Rheumatic Fever (after Strep A)
Sydenham’s chorea (OCD)
Non show signs of the bacteria, this is after they are cleared

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17
Q

Are there rapid office tests for Group A strep?

A

Yes but they a less sensitive.

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18
Q

What species is Group A strep?

A

S. pyogenes

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19
Q

How can you type Group B strep in the lab?

A

Gram positive, catalase negative, beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant

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20
Q

What species is Group B strep?

A

S. agalactiae

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21
Q

What is the CAMP test? and what does it comfirm

A

The hemolytic toxins of S. aureus and group B strep are synergistic. This test shows that where the toxins meet that hemolysis increases and confirms that you strep is group B

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22
Q

What is the virulence factor of Group B strep?

A

Capsule

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23
Q

What is the reservoir and transmission of group B strep

A

Reservoir is genital tract and transmission is neonatal- to baby

24
Q

What antibiotic are Group B always sensitive to?

A

Penicillin

25
Q

Is there a vaccine for strep group A or B?

A

No

26
Q

How would you identify Streptococci pneumoniae in the lab?

A

Gram positive, catalase negative, alpha hemolytic, bile/optochin sensitive

27
Q

What clumping pattern do S. Pneumoniae show?

A

dipplococci

28
Q

What is the virulence factor of S. pneumoniae?

A

Capsule

29
Q

How can capsule of S. pneumoniae be used in the lab?

A

serotyping and vaccine (not great vaccine)

30
Q

What is the reservoir for S. pneumoniae

A

Humans

31
Q

What is the main mechanism of resistance against pneumococci?

A

mechanical clearance by mucus and cilia sweep it out of the respiratory tract and it gets swallowed and killed in the GI tract

32
Q

Why do alcoholics get bacterial pneumonia frequently?

A

depressed cough reflex

33
Q

how do you identify Strep Viridans in the lab?

A

Gram pos, catalase neg, alpha hemolytic, bile/optochin resistant

34
Q

What is the reservoir and virulence factors of Viridans Streptococci?

A

Mouth of people 100%, sugar metabolizing enzymes (can break down into acids which decalcify, or they can build up into dental plague and release can cause bacteremia and endocarditis) They are Sticky

35
Q

how do you treat S. Viridans?

A

Penicillin

36
Q

How do you type streptococci faecalis in the lab?

A

Gram pos, catalase negative, gamma hemolytic, bile/optochin resistant

37
Q

How do you ID staphylococci in the lab?

A

Gram pos, catalase pos

38
Q

How do you ID S. aureus in the lab?

A

Gram pos, catalase pos, coagulase pos

39
Q

What are the virulence factors of S. Aureus?

A

Structural: Protein A, capsule, coagulase
Toxins: DNAse, enterotoxin, exfoliatin, toxic shock syndrom, leukocidin

40
Q

Do S. Aureus infections tend to spread?

A

No they tend to stay where they are and cause abscesses

41
Q

What is a major problem of S. aureus?

A

They are multi drug resistant

42
Q

How do you ID Staph epidermidis in the lab?

A

Gram positive, catalase positive, coagulase negative, novobiocin sensitive

43
Q

Where do you find S. epidermidis infections a lot?

A

infections with piercings, and catheter surfaces

44
Q

How do you ID S. saprophyticus?

A

gram positive, catalase positive, coagulase negative, novobiocin resistant

45
Q

How do you ID N. meningitidis?

A

Gram neg, fermentation of maltose on chocolate agar

46
Q

How do you ID N. gonnorhoeae?

A

Gram Neg, no fermentation of maltose on chocolate agar

47
Q

What is the virulence factors of N. meningitidis?

A

capsule and LPS

48
Q

What is the virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae?

A

pili and LOS

49
Q

Where does meningitidis cause infections? gonorrhoeae?

A

meningitidis - deeper tissues

Gonorhheae - surfaces

50
Q

What is the reservoir, transmission and prevention of N. Meningitidis?

A

Reservoir is resp. tract and carriers
transmission is droplets
Prevention is Vaccine

51
Q

What is the reservoir, transmission and prevention of N. Gonorrhoeae?

A

Reservoir: genital tract and chronic infection
Transmission: sexual contact and birth
Prevention: Behavioral and Neonatal eye drops

52
Q

How do you treat N.Meningitidis vs N. Gonorrhoeae?

A

Menigitidis- penicillin

Gonorrhoeae- Not penicillin (its resistant) Ceftriaxone plus doxycycline

53
Q

What are the two Cocci that can have a vaccine made for them?

A

S. pneumoniae and N. Meningitidis

54
Q

How does Lancefield typing work?

A

by identifying carbohydrate antigens

55
Q

What does the capsule of pneumococci cause the immune system to do?

A

Produce opsonizing antibody

Microbiology (39 decks)

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