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Neurobiology and Head Structures > L16 - Brain Development > Flashcards

L16 - Brain Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three regions that the rostral end of the neural tube develops into?

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

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2
Q

What is another name for the forebrain that develops directly from the neural tube?

A

Prosencephalon

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3
Q

What is another name for the midbrain that develops directly from the neural tube?

A

Mesencephalon

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4
Q

What is another name for the hindbrain that develops directly from the neural tube?

A

Rhombencephalon

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5
Q

Which of the three regions of the developing brain do not divide any further?

A

Mesencephalon (Midbrain)

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6
Q

As the brain begins to develop in the embryo, what happens to the yolk sac?

A

Shrinks

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7
Q

Which two structures classify the neuroectoderm?

A

Neural crest cells

Neural Tube

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8
Q

How are flexures formed?

A

The folding that occurs with the expansion of the rostral end of the neural tube into the brain creates flexures.

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9
Q

What are the three flexures?

A

Cephalic
Cervical
Pontine

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10
Q

List the three important factors in determining the organisation of the brain regions.

A

Hox Genes
Fgf8
Retinoic Acid

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11
Q

What two regions does the forebrain further divide into?

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

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12
Q

What structure develops into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?

A

Alar Plate

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13
Q

What structure develops into the ventral horn of the spinal cord?

A

Basal Plate

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14
Q

What is the most caudal part of the brain?

A

Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)

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15
Q

What two regions does the rhombencephalon further get divided into?

A

Myelencephalon

Metencephalon

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16
Q

Which part of the hindbrain forms the medulla oblongata?

A

Myelencephalon

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17
Q

Which part of the hindbrain forms the cerebellum and pons?

A

Metencephalon

18
Q

Which portion of the brain are most of the cranial nerves associated?

A

Hindbrain

19
Q

How are cranial nerves associated with the hindbrain?

A

Concentrations of nerve cell bodies (Nuclei).

20
Q

Which ventricle of the brain is located under the cerebellum?

A

4th

21
Q

What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

A

Coordination of movement

  • proprioception
  • balance
  • unconscious input
22
Q

What are ventricles?

A

Sites for CSF production

23
Q

What is the term for the region where blood capillaries are present and protrude into the 4th ventricle for CSF production?

A

Choroid Plexus

24
Q

Which layers can the cerebellum be sectioned into?

A

Cortex
Grey Matter
White Matter

25
Q

How is the cortex of the cerebellum further divided?

A

Molecular Layer
Purkinje Layer
Inner Grannular Layer

26
Q

Which three regions characterize the mesencephalon?

A

Tectum
Ventral Tegmentum
Lumen (Mesencephalic Aqueduct)

27
Q

Which part of the brain usually coordinate auditory and visual reflexes?

A

Mesencephalon

28
Q

Which section of the forebrain forms the thalamus and hypothalamus?

A

Diencephalon

29
Q

Which nerve grows out of the diencephalon?

A

Optic Nerve

30
Q

Which ventricle is formed by the lumen of the diencephalon?

A

3rd

31
Q

Which section of the forebrain gives rise to the paired cerebral hemispheres (Cerebral Cortex)?

A

Telencephalon

32
Q

Which ventricles are formed by the large lumens of the paired cerebral hemispheres from the telencephalon?

A

Lateral Ventricles

33
Q

What is the term for the dips in the brain? (Grooves)

A

Sulki (Sulcus)

34
Q

What is the term for the raises in the brain? (Folds)

A

Gyri (Gyrus)

35
Q

What structure can help identify the pons?

A

Ventral Bulge

36
Q

What is the term for the structure where nerve fibres are located to convey info through the hemispheres of the brain?

A

Corpus Callosum

37
Q

What is intrathalmic adhesion?

A

Joining the left and right thalamus.

38
Q

What is cerebellar hypoplasia?

A

Underdeveloped cerebellum

- small size

39
Q

What are the implications of cerebellar hypoplasia?

A

Poor voluntary control of movement

- Staggered movement

40
Q

Which species are common to observe cerebellar hypoplasia?

A

Calves

Kittens

Neurobiology and Head Structures (7 decks)

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