L14- Tackling issues (Problems,Solutions)

Question 1

dilemma

Answer 1

a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two different things you could do:
The President is clearly in a dilemma about/over how to tackle the crisis.

Question 2

setback

minor ~

Answer 2

something that happens which delays or prevents a process from advancing:
Sally had been recovering well from her operation, but yesterday she experienced/suffered a setback.
There has been a slight/temporary setback in our plans.

Question 3

predicament
/prɪˈdɪk.ə.mənt/

current ~

Answer 3

an unpleasant situation which is difficult to get out of:
She is hoping to get a loan from her bank to help her out of her financial predicament.
I’m in a bit of a predicament because I’ve accidentally accepted two invitations to dinner on the same night
مخمصه ،حالت ،وضع نامساعد،وضع خطرناک

Question 4

hurdle
obstacle

major hurdle

Answer 4

PROBLEM
a problem that you have to deal with before you can make progress:
Getting a work permit was the first hurdle to overcome.
The cost of this exercise is proving a major hurdle.

Question 5

controversy

Answer 5

causing disagreement or discussion:
a controversial issue/decision/speech/figure
The book was very controversial.

Question 6

challenge

significant ~

Answer 6

A challenge is something new and difficult which requires great effort and determination.
I like a big challenge and they don’t come much bigger than this…
The new government’s first challenge is the economy.

Question 7

catastrophe

Answer 7

a bad situation:

The emigration of scientists is a catastrophe for the country.

Question 8

disaster

Answer 8

great harm, damage or death, or serious difficulty:
An inquiry was ordered into the recent rail disaster (= a serious train accident).
It would be a disaster for me if I lost my job.
This is one of the worst natural disasters ever to befall the area.

Question 9

controversy

considerable ~

Answer 9

a lot of disagreement or argument about something, usually because it affects or is important to many people:
There was a big controversy surrounding/over the use of drugs in athletics.
The policy has caused fierce/heated controversy ever since it was int

Question 10

pervasive problem
insurmountable problem /ˌɪn.səˈmaʊn.tə.bļ/
a daunting ~ /ˈdɔːn.tɪŋ/
complex social ~

Answer 10

@adjective FORMAL
present or noticeable in every part of a thing or place:
The influence of Freud is pervasive in her books.
a pervasive smell of diesel
فراگیر

@ adjective FORMAL
(especially of a problem or a difficulty) so great that it cannot be dealt with successfully:
insurmountable difficulties
This small country is faced with an insurmountable debt.

@ Something that is daunting makes you feel slightly afraid or worried about dealing with it.
They were faced with the daunting task of restoring the house…

Question 11

trouble

Answer 11

usually uncountable
I’ve had a lot of trouble with the second hand car.
I had a lot of trouble starting the car this morning.

Question 12

make better

Answer 12

alleviate
mitigate
rectify
improve

Question 13

make worse

Answer 13

exacerbate
hinder
compound
complicate
aggravate

Question 14

aggravate

Answer 14

to make a bad situation worse:

Attempts to restrict parking in the city centre have further aggravated the problem of traffic congestion.

Question 15

exacerbate

Answer 15

If something exacerbates a problem or bad situation, it makes it worse. (FORMAL)
Longstanding poverty has been exacerbated by racial divisions.

Question 16

compound

Answer 16

to make sth bad become even worse by causing further harm:

The problems were compounded by severe food shortages.

Question 17

hinder

Answer 17

to make it difficult for something to develop or succeed
　His career has been hindered by injury.
　policies that will hinder rather than help families

Question 18

alleviate

Answer 18

If you alleviate pain, suffering, or an unpleasant condition, you make it less intense or severe. (FORMAL)
Nowadays, a great deal can be done to alleviate back pain.
Their energies were focussed on the alleviation of the refugees’ misery.

Question 19

mitigate

Answer 19

formal) to make sth less harmful, serious, etc.
SYN ALLEVIATE:
action to mitigate poverty * Soil erosion was mitigated by the planting of trees.

Question 20

rectify

Answer 20

formal to correct something that is wrong
= put right
　I did my best to rectify the situation, but the damage was already done.

Question 21

take stock

Answer 21

(of something) is to think carefully about a situation or event and form an opinion about it, so that you can decide what to do:
After two years spent teaching abroad, she returned home for a month to take stock of her life.

Question 22

take notice of

Answer 22

to give attention to something:
I asked him to drive more slowly, but he didn’t take any notice.
Don’t take any notice of/Take no notice of what your mother says - she’s just in a bad mood.
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