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Histology Exam 2 > L13: Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

L13: Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

categories of developmental capacity of cells

A

totipotent
pluripotent
multipotent

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2
Q

stem cell types

A
  1. embryonic stem cells – pluripotent

2. adult stem cells - multipotent

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3
Q

embryonic stem cells

A
  1. from inner-cell mass of blastocyst

2. pluripotent

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4
Q

adult stem cellls

A
  1. from mature organs/tissues – bone marrow

2. multipotent

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5
Q

origin of 1st blood cells

A
  1. weeks 2-8
  2. islands of hematopoiesis – found in yolk sac wall
  3. no WBCs
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6
Q

blood cells week 8-28

A
  1. hematopoiesis first occurs in liver then spleen

2. ceases around birth

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7
Q

blood cells 6 month gestation-birth-beyond

A

hematopoiesis occurs in red bone marrow

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8
Q

list the types of bone marrow

A

red - RBCs

yellow - WBCs

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9
Q

at birth all bone marrow is ?

A

red – source of all blood cells

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10
Q

where is red marrow found prior to puberty

A 
skull
ribs
sternum
vertebrae
clavicle
pelvis
long bones
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11
Q

where is red marrow found after puberty

A

same as prior except no longer in long bones

skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, clavicle, pelvis

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12
Q

extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

in certain diseases blood cells can still be formed in liver and spleen

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13
Q

thru your lifetime most marrow is ______

A

converted to yellow

red is found only in sternum and iliac crest

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14
Q

list the aspects discussed about bone marrow histology

A 
stroma
parenchyma
sinusoids
hematopoietic cords
cells
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15
Q

bone marrow stroma

A

CT support for cells
contains: fibroblasts, reticular cells, adipose cells and endothelial cells

makes and secretes hematopoietic growth factors

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16
Q

bone marrow parenchyma

A

consists of various hematopoietic cells in different stages of maturation

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17
Q

bone marrow sinusoids

A
  • endothelial lined spaces
  • connect artery and veins
  • provide exit for mature blood cells
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18
Q

bone marrow hematopoietic cords

A

bands of parenchyma and stroma lying between sinusoids

where blood cells are actually forming

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19
Q

distribution of hematopoietic cells

A

60% granulocytopoiesis
30% erthyocytopoiesis
10% thrombo-mono-lymphyo-cytopoiesis

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20
Q

myeloid: erythroid ratio

A

3: 1 normal
8: 1 leukemia
1: 5 polycythemia

WBC:RBC

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21
Q

hematopoietic compartments

A
  1. stem cell comp.
  2. differentiating/dividing comp.
  3. functional comp.
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22
Q

bone marrow HSC niche

A

where stem cells have everything they need to carry out their functions

more than/not just a “location”

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23
Q

2 kinds of multipotent precursor cells

A
  1. myeloid stem cell – all blood cells except lymphocytes

2. lymphoid stem cell — lymphocytes

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24
Q

how are hematopoietic stem cells recognized

A

cannot be identified by structure but by cell surface markers

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25
CFU
colony forming units
26
myeloid stem cells give rise to ?
``` 5 different CFUs erythroid megakaryocyte basophil eosinophil granulocyte-macrophage ```
27
why do neutrophils and macrophages mature from the same CFU?
because they are both highly phagocytic cells
28
G-CSF
granulocyte colony stimulating factor | eosinophils and neutrophils
29
M-CSF
monocyte colony stimulating factor | macrophage/monocyte
30
SFC
stem cell factor or c-kit ligand | basophil
31
thrombopoietin
for megakaryocyte maturation
32
erythropoietin
for red blood cell maturation | made in kidneys
33
lymphoid stem cells give rise to two kinds of cell lines
t-cell progenitor cells =t-cells and natural killer cells b-cell progenitor cells =b-cells
34
where do t-cell progenitor cells mature
thymus
35
where do b-cell progenitor cells mature
bone marrow
36
macrophage maturation series
1. monoblast 2. promonocyte 3. monocyte 4. macrophage
37
neutrophil maturation series and significance
1. myeloblast 2. promyeloblast 3. myelocyte 4. metamyelocyte 5. band cell 6. end cell same for eosinophils and basophils =same for all granulocytes
38
band cell
nucleus is band shaped found in normal blood circulation final step before neutrophil, eosinophil or basophil maturation
39
osteoclast
monocyte in bone
40
Langerhans cell
monocyte in skin
41
microglia
monocyte in brain
42
red pulp
monocyte in spleen
43
Kupffer cell
monocyte in liver
44
alveolar macrophage
monocyte in lungs
45
in basophil maturation what is the other final product
can become a mast cell instead of basophil
46
erythroid CFU maturation
1. proerythroblast 2. basophilic eblast 3. polychromatiophilic eblast 4. orthochromatic eblast 5. reticulocyte 6. erythrocyte
47
how are the stages of erythrocyte maturation named?
by their changing staining properties first stains blue because basophilic by the end it stain pink/redish
48
what is an important difference between erythrocyte CFUs and erythrocytes?
nucleation nucleus lost in orthrochromatic eblast phase
49
ferrotransferrin
transferrin + iron
50
apoferritin
apotransferrin | ubiquitous iron transfer molecule
51
list the 3 major groups of hematopoietic growth factors
1. colony-stimulating factors 2. erythropoietin and thrombopoietin 3. cytokines (interleukins)
52
source of erthyropoietin
RBC pathway | produced in kidney in response to decrease oxygen saturation
53
source of thrombopoietin
directs formation of megakaryocytes produced in kidneys, parenchymal cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells of liver has no therapeutic use
54
examples of cytokines involved in hematopoiesis
interleukin-3 GM-CSF fit-3 ligand kit ligand
55
GM-CSF
produced by endothelial cells commits cells to granulocyte or monocyte path associated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy
56
G-CSF
produced by endothelial cells directs differentiation into myeloblasts chemotherapy or radiation therapy
57
secondary polycythemia
any abnormal increase in total RBC count results from hypoxia and stimulates release of erythropoietin
58
secondary polycythemia
any abnormal increase in total RBC count results from hypoxia and stimulates release of erythropoietin
59
role of cytokines
engage specific receptors and activate a variety of signaling pathways ex. apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation
60
other regulators of hematopoietic growth factors
ECM components | chemokines
61
ECM components
heparin sulfates collagens laminin fibronectin
62
chemokines
- regulate blood cell trafficking and homing to sites of need - can have positive or negative effects - ex. Sdf-1
63
binding of chemokines
bind to guanine protein coupled transmembrane receptors to signal a specific response

Histology Exam 2 (8 decks)

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