Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Exam 2 > L10: Bone and Cartilage > Flashcards

L10: Bone and Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

hyaline cartilage characteristics

A

most common type
perichondrium
blue-gray color
cell groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

growth patterns of hyaline cartilage

A

appositional

interstitial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

locations of hyaline cartilage

A 
external ear canal
larynx
trachea
bronchi
fetal long bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

elastic cartilage characteristics

A 
presence of elastic fibers
perichondrium
yellow color
more flexible
single cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

elastic cartilage locations

A

auricle = outer ear

epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fibrocartilage characteristics

A

increased collagen bundles
no perichondrium
opaque
single cells in rows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

locations of fibrocartilage

A

intervertebral discs
pubic symphysis
insertion of tendons/lig
closely associated with dense CT and hyaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is fibrocartilage also considered?

A

an extension of dense CT instead of a type of cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

compare the color/appearance of cartilage types

A

hyaline - translucent blue/gray

elastic - yellow due to elastic fibers

fibrocartilage - opaque due to collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

collagen fiber types in each cartilage type

A

hyaline and elastic – type II

fibrocartilage – type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which cartilage types have a perichondrium?

A

hyaline and elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is responsible for the slow healing rates of cartilage?

A

they are avascular

nutrients and oxygen must diffuse through the matrix to reach the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

perichondrium structure

A

2 layers
1. outer fibrous layer w/ fibroblasts

  1. inner chondrogenic layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

inner chondrogenic layer

A

inner layer of perichondrium

gives rise to chondroblasts
chondrocytes produce fibers and proteoglycans
secrete chondronectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

groups of 2 - 8 chondrocytes in a lacunae

A

isogenous groups

result of mitotic division
cells separate as they excrete ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

functions of cartilage

A 
compressible
resist distortion
absorb shock in joints
reduce friction of joints
endochondral growth
bone fracture repair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

types of cells

A

chondroblasts - cartilage forming

chondrocytes - cartilage matrix maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

matrix components

A

collagen type II - hyaline and elastic
collagen type I - fibrocartilage
ground substance - GAGs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

subdivision of matrix in hyaline cartilage

A

territorial matrix

inter-territorial matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

territorial matrix

A

surrounds each chondrocyte

high GAG > fiber content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

inter-territorial matrix

A

surrounds territorial matrix

high fiber > GAG content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

features of hyaline slides

A

no fibers
cells are random and can be grouped
territorial matrix
blue-gray color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

features of elastic slides

A

like hyaline but with elastic fibers in matrix
random cells
can be grouped or single
naturally yellow but typically not yellow after staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

fibrocartilage features of slides

A

opaque color
ordered bundles of collagen
single rows of cells between collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

list the types of bone tissue

A

woven bone
spongy/cancellous/trabecular bone
compact/lamellar bone

26
Q

compact bone is arranged in a _____ system.

A

canalicular system

canaliculi feed into canals which feed into Volkmann then to blood vessels

27
Q

what type of bone tissues present trabecular?

A

spongy bone
3D lattice branching of bony spicules intertwined
surround marrow spaces

28
Q

concentric lamellae encircling a central blood vessel

A

osteon or haversian system

29
Q

little lakes

A

lacunae

house osteocytes

30
Q

_____ canal runs perpendicular to ______ canals.

A

Volkmann runs perpendicular to haversian canals

connect osteons to each other and bone surface/blood vessels

31
Q

unlike cartilage, bone tissue is highly _____ .

A

vascularized

32
Q

increase in bone length

A

endochondral growth

33
Q

become osteocytes, become trapped by their own secretions

A

osteoblasts

34
Q

break down osteoid

A

osteoclasts

35
Q

components of bone matrix

A

organic component

inorganic component

36
Q

osteoid

A

flexible organic component of bone matrix

37
Q

hydroxyapatite

A

structural strength
inorganic component of bone matrix
35-65% of matrix

38
Q

what does a cement line represent?

A

that this osteon has been remodeled

39
Q

bone tissue of epiphysis, why is this important in long bones such as the femur?

A

trabecular bone

trabeculae resist shear forces

40
Q

cells that control Ca and Pi concentrations in bone matrix

A

osteocytes

41
Q

stem cells which become the bone lining cells in adults and give rise to osteoblasts

A

osteoprogenitor cells

42
Q

osteoblasts are characterized by the presence of ?

A

alkaline phosphate

Vitamin D3

43
Q

regulates expression of osteocalcin

A

vitamin D3

44
Q

collagenous proteins produced by osteoblasts

A

collagen type I

45
Q

Noncollagenous protein produced by osteoblasts

A 
RANKL
osteocalcin
Osteonectin
Osteopontin
osteoprotegerin
46
Q

high binding affinity for hydroxyapatite

A

osteocalcin

47
Q

binds to RANKL with greater binding affinity than RANK

A

osteoprotegerin

48
Q

osteoprotegerin binds _____ , thus inhibiting ….?

A

binds RANKL
inhibiting the binding of RANK
thus inhibiting the maturation of an osteoclast

49
Q

osteoclasts are a specialized type of ______ .

A

macrophage

50
Q

ARF cycle

A

activation —resorption — reversal — formation

bone remodeling steps

51
Q

primary regulator of bone turnover?

A

parathyroid hormone

52
Q

PTH initially stimulates?

A

differentiation of monocytes into osteoclasts
formation of ruffled border on osteoclasts
blocks synthesis of osteoprotegerin

53
Q

low PTH levels

A

bone formation

54
Q

high PTH levels

A

bone resorption

55
Q

osteitis fibrosa

A

elevated PTH levels result in eroded bone and fibrosis of the resulting spaces

56
Q

PTH binding to osteoblast stimulates?

A

osteoblast to produce:
M-CSF
RANKL

57
Q

M-CSF

A

monocyte colony stimulating factor

58
Q

what does M-CSF bind to ?

A

binds to macrophage

stimulating the cell to express RANK

59
Q

RANK binds to RANKL resulting in?

A

coupling of the osteoblast and macrophage

allowing the macrophage to differentiate into an osteoclast

60
Q

reduces bone resorption

A

calcitonin

61
Q

maturation of a macrophage

A

becomes multinucleated
uncouples
now functional osteoclast

Histology Exam 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions