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Anatomy🧠 > L13: Classification Of Bones And Joint (alyaa) > Flashcards

L13: Classification Of Bones And Joint (alyaa) Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones in the body?

A

206

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2
Q

Skeletal divisions and the amount of bones they each contain:

A
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3
Q

Bones are classified according to their structure, which are?

A
  1. Compact
  2. Cancellous or spongy
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4
Q

Describe the compact structure of the bone:

A

Solid mass; dense & hard
forms the outer layer of bone structure functional unit — Haversian system

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5
Q

Describe the Cancellous/spongy form of a bone

A

contains spaces filled with red bone marrow

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6
Q

Bones are classified according to their shape, which are?

A
  1. Long bones
  2. Short bones
  3. Irregular bones
  4. Flat bones
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7
Q

Features of a long bone

A
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8
Q

Each long bone consists of?

A

1) Diaphysis (In the middle)
• filled with yellow marrow
• cylindrical, large space or canal at the center
• periosteum

2) Epiphysis (At the end)
• made up of cancellous tissue

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9
Q

What type of marrow is in a childs/adults bone?

A

Adults: yellow marrow (fat)
Child: red marrow

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10
Q

What shape is the humerus?

A

Long bone

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11
Q

What shape is the femur?

A

Long bone

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12
Q

What shape is the radius?

A

Long bone

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13
Q

What shape is the ulna?

A

Long bone

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14
Q

What shape is the tibia?

A

Long bone

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15
Q

What shape is the fibula?

A

Long bone

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16
Q

What shape are the phalanges?

A

Long bone

(Can be classified as long or short but the dr wants it as long)

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17
Q

Membranes covering the long bone:

A
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18
Q

How can you differentiate between a childs and an adults long bone?

A
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19
Q

What are the features of short bones?

A
  • cuboidal in shape
    -spongy bone covered with thin coat of compact bone
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20
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

short bone embedded in a tendon

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21
Q

What shape is the patella?

A

Short bone

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22
Q

What shape are the carpals (wrist)?

A

Short bones

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23
Q

What bone shape are the tarsals? (Ankle)

A

Short bones

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24
Q

What are flat bones + their function?

A

• broad or elongated flat plates

• protection & muscle attachments

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25
Q

Bones of the skull are what shape?

A

Flat bones

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26
Q

The sternum is what shape?

A

Flat bone

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27
Q

The ribs are what shape?

A

Flat bones

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28
Q

The scapula is what shape?

A

Flat bones

29
Q

What are the features of irregular bones?

A

All other bones not assigned to the previous groups (long, short, flat)

30
Q

The vertebrae are what shape?

A

Irregular bones

31
Q

The sacrum and coccyx are what shape?

A

Irregular bones

32
Q

Bones at the base of the skull are what shape?

A

Irregular bones

33
Q

Bones are classified according to development, which are?

A
  1. Membranous
  2. Cartilagenous
34
Q

Examples of membranous bones:

A
  • bones of the skull
  • mandible
35
Q

What are membranous bones?

A

Bones that start as fibrous membrane, calcium gradually deposited until structure becomes ossified (intramembranous ossification)

36
Q

Examples of cartilaginous bones

A

Long bones ONLY

37
Q

What are Cartilagenous bones?

A

Cartilagenous bones start as totally cartilage, gradually ossified endochondral or intracartilagenous ossification.

38
Q

Bones are supplied by 4 arteries, which are:

A
  1. Epiphyseal artery
  2. Metaphyseal artery
  3. Periosteal artery
  4. Nutrient artery
39
Q

Describe the vascular supply of the bone:

A
40
Q

How does the nutrient artery enter the bone?

A

This artery enters the shaft (or diaphysis) through the nutrient foramen

41
Q

The nutrient artery anastomoses with the rest of the arteries where?

A

At the place of metaphyses

42
Q
A
43
Q

What supplies the medullary/cortex?

A

Nutrient Artery:
- nourishes the WHOLE medullary cavity
- inner 2/3 of the cortex (as well as metaphysis)

Periosteal arteries:
- supply OUTER 1/3 portion of the cortex

44
Q

Where are epiphyseal arteries found?

A

on the non-articular bony surfaces.

45
Q

Arthrology?

A

is the study of the joints

46
Q

Joints are classified by?

A
  1. By their freedom of movement
  2. By how the 2 bones are joined together
47
Q

Joints are classified by their freedom of movement:

A
48
Q

Joints are classified by the manner adjacent bones are
joined:

(Basically ys2al shnu the type of joints)

A
  1. Fibrous
    (have collagen fibers spanning the space between bones)
  2. Cartilaginous
    (have 2 bones bound to each other by cartilage)
  3. Bony
    (have 2 bones fused by osseous tissue)
  4. Synovial joints
    [Have a synovial capsule (collagenous structure) surrounding the entire joint]
49
Q

Examples of fibrous joints:

A
  1. Sutures (cranial)
  2. Gomphoses (between gum & teeth)
  3. Syndesmoses (between 2 long bones)
50
Q

Examples + types of Cartilaginous joints:

A
51
Q

Example of bony joints

A

Synostoses (occurs normally in the fusion of cranial bones to form the adult skull.)

52
Q

Types of synovial joints and their examples

A
53
Q

Ligament and tendon attachments:

A

Ligament: bone-bone
Tendon: bone-muscle

54
Q

Articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage covering the bone surfaces

55
Q

Meniscus

A

is a pad of fibrocartilage in the jaw, wrist, knee

56
Q

Describe the capsule of a synovial joint

A
  • Synovial capsule (collagenous structure) surrounding the entire joint
  • Have a synovial membrane (the inner layer of the capsule) which secretes synovial fluid (a lubricating liquid) inside the cavity
57
Q

What forms the outer layer of the bone structure functional unit?

A

Compact bone

58
Q

What membranes cover the bone?

A
  1. The periosteum (the outer membrane)
  2. The endosteum (the inner membrane)
59
Q

The periosteum covers almost all bones except?

A

except places capped in cartilage and the spots where ligaments and tendons attach.

60
Q

True or false?

Cancellous bone in adults have more spaces and bone marrow than a child does.

A

False, it’s the opposite

61
Q

Explain why in a child, the epiphyseal plates have large spaces?

A
62
Q

Compositions of flat bones?

A
  • 2 thin layers of compact
  • Enclosing a thin layer of spongy bone
63
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

Lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane

64
Q

The most common classification of joint within the human body is?

A

Synovial Joints (diarthrosis)

65
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Joints between two or more bones without intervening cartilage or fibrocartilage, other than articular cartilage.

66
Q

Example of a plane (gliding) joint?

A

Intercarpal Joints

67
Q

Example of hinge joint?

A

Elbow/knee

(Flexion extension only)

68
Q

Example of Elipsoid (condyloid)?

A

Wrist joint

Anatomy🧠 (10 decks)

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